DAY 1 – Summer Holiday Group 6 Year 6 English Trial Test

Extract A: How Robots Influence the Workforce

Since ancient times, technology has played a role in making work more efficient: from simple farming tools to the assembly-line robots of today. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in business settings. They work directly alongside or completely replace human workers. For example, Amazon Inc. uses a variety of robots to stock inventory, and retrieve and package items in its warehouses. Tesla Motors Inc. has automated and robotic assembly lines for its electric vehicles and batteries. While it is undeniable that robots are replacing jobs and posing a significant threat to low-skilled workers and a moderate threat to middle-skilled workers, robots also have a number of positive effects on the economy.

A higher standard of living can be achieved through higher wages, lower prices for goods and services, and a greater variety of goods and services overall. The increase in labour productivity, as measured by output per hour, causes these occurrences. Increases in the quality of labour, capital, and total factory productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity, all contribute to economic expansion.

Increases in labour quality result from increased and improved employee education and training. Through investments in machines, computers, robotics, and other output-generating items, capital drives productivity growth. TFP, frequently cited as the most significant source of productivity growth, derives from the synergies of labour and capital operating as efficiently as possible together. Keeping the education and productivity of the workforce constant, for instance, if the machines they use become more productive, the TFP will still increase. Unquestionably, robots improve the “machine” aspect of manufacturing facilities. Even if the human component of factories remains unchanged, increased efficiencies from robotics will inevitably result in a rise in factory productivity.

Unsurprisingly, as productivity increases, so does the gross domestic product (GDP). “Robots at Work,” authored by Georg Graetz of Uppsala University and Guy Michaels of the London School of Economics, examined the economic effects of robots. They examined the United States and sixteen other countries over a 15-year period ending in 2007 and analysed a variety of data. Graetz and Michaels discovered that the increasing use of industrial robots during the time period increased the annual growth of GDP by 0.36% on average across 17 countries. They compared this substantial growth to the productivity increases caused by steam technology at the turn of the 20th century.

Numerous individuals are unaware that robots are creating new, high-paying jobs that require skilled workers. While it is true that robots are replacing low-skilled workers and automating the tasks they perform, robots and automation are necessitating higher-paying jobs. In the manufacturing industry, for instance, robots can perform menial tasks such as sorting, transporting, and stocking raw materials, while humans are better suited for higher-skilled roles such as quality-related tasks.

While it is true that robots and automation are eliminating entire categories of jobs in a variety of industries, there has never been a better time for workers to obtain higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs if they acquire the necessary skills and education.

Extract B: How Robots Are Beginning to Affect Workers and Their Wages

Although it took several years for the U.S. economy to recover from the Great Recession, the current economic expansion is widely regarded as outstanding. As the current expansion progressed, technological development continued to reshape how, where, when, and with whom Americans work. The use of “industrial robots” in the workplace is one example of the increasing impact of technology on the workplace.

But, what exactly is an industrial robot? The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) defines an industrial robot as “an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes that can be either permanently installed or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.”

The IFR specified five distinct types of industrial robots. Their mechanical structure dictates their classification: Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), Linear, Articulated, Parallel, and Cylindrical robots. Typically, robots of the SCARA variety perform assembly and packaging tasks. On the other hand, linear robots are utilised for plastic moulding, sealing, laser welding, pressing, packaging, and forging handling. Articulated robots perform metal casting, palletizing, welding, and painting. While parallel robots perform tasks such as picking and placing, assembly, and handling. Lastly, cylindrical robots perform spot welding.

All of these robot types perform specific, repetitive tasks at a high rate of repetition. This is very different from artificial intelligence, which is the collection of large amounts of data in order to make complex decisions. This distinction between robots and artificial intelligence can help predict which types of workers will be disadvantaged. The general consensus is that robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers, as they can replace these workers in repetitive, often skilled tasks. 

A study conducted by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo of MIT and Boston University from 1990 to 2007 on thirteen manufacturing industries and six non-manufacturing industries found that an increase in the use of industrial robots per thousand workers resulted in a decrease in employment rates and wages overall. 

Robots are indeed on the horizon, but there are both winners and losers in the automation industry. While robots may have negligible effects on national employment as a whole, certain industries and regions are more affected by the growth of robots, and certain groups of workers are disproportionately impacted by this growth. In addition, job losses due to robotization may have little effect on total employment, as displaced workers find other jobs (especially in a strong economy with low unemployment), even if they pay less. 

The economic expansion of the past decade has effectively “masked” some of the negative effects robots have had on workers. It’s not that robots weren’t displacing jobs; rather, the overall economic expansion was sufficient to compensate for a portion of these job losses.

How are the two extracts constructed?

Extract A: How Robots Influence the Workforce

Since ancient times, technology has played a role in making work more efficient: from simple farming tools to the assembly-line robots of today. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in business settings. They work directly alongside or completely replace human workers. For example, Amazon Inc. uses a variety of robots to stock inventory, and retrieve and package items in its warehouses. Tesla Motors Inc. has automated and robotic assembly lines for its electric vehicles and batteries. While it is undeniable that robots are replacing jobs and posing a significant threat to low-skilled workers and a moderate threat to middle-skilled workers, robots also have a number of positive effects on the economy.

A higher standard of living can be achieved through higher wages, lower prices for goods and services, and a greater variety of goods and services overall. The increase in labour productivity, as measured by output per hour, causes these occurrences. Increases in the quality of labour, capital, and total factory productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity, all contribute to economic expansion.

Increases in labour quality result from increased and improved employee education and training. Through investments in machines, computers, robotics, and other output-generating items, capital drives productivity growth. TFP, frequently cited as the most significant source of productivity growth, derives from the synergies of labour and capital operating as efficiently as possible together. Keeping the education and productivity of the workforce constant, for instance, if the machines they use become more productive, the TFP will still increase. Unquestionably, robots improve the “machine” aspect of manufacturing facilities. Even if the human component of factories remains unchanged, increased efficiencies from robotics will inevitably result in a rise in factory productivity.

Unsurprisingly, as productivity increases, so does the gross domestic product (GDP). “Robots at Work,” authored by Georg Graetz of Uppsala University and Guy Michaels of the London School of Economics, examined the economic effects of robots. They examined the United States and sixteen other countries over a 15-year period ending in 2007 and analysed a variety of data. Graetz and Michaels discovered that the increasing use of industrial robots during the time period increased the annual growth of GDP by 0.36% on average across 17 countries. They compared this substantial growth to the productivity increases caused by steam technology at the turn of the 20th century.

Numerous individuals are unaware that robots are creating new, high-paying jobs that require skilled workers. While it is true that robots are replacing low-skilled workers and automating the tasks they perform, robots and automation are necessitating higher-paying jobs. In the manufacturing industry, for instance, robots can perform menial tasks such as sorting, transporting, and stocking raw materials, while humans are better suited for higher-skilled roles such as quality-related tasks.

While it is true that robots and automation are eliminating entire categories of jobs in a variety of industries, there has never been a better time for workers to obtain higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs if they acquire the necessary skills and education.

Extract B: How Robots Are Beginning to Affect Workers and Their Wages

Although it took several years for the U.S. economy to recover from the Great Recession, the current economic expansion is widely regarded as outstanding. As the current expansion progressed, technological development continued to reshape how, where, when, and with whom Americans work. The use of “industrial robots” in the workplace is one example of the increasing impact of technology on the workplace.

But, what exactly is an industrial robot? The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) defines an industrial robot as “an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes that can be either permanently installed or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.”

The IFR specified five distinct types of industrial robots. Their mechanical structure dictates their classification: Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), Linear, Articulated, Parallel, and Cylindrical robots. Typically, robots of the SCARA variety perform assembly and packaging tasks. On the other hand, linear robots are utilised for plastic moulding, sealing, laser welding, pressing, packaging, and forging handling. Articulated robots perform metal casting, palletizing, welding, and painting. While parallel robots perform tasks such as picking and placing, assembly, and handling. Lastly, cylindrical robots perform spot welding.

All of these robot types perform specific, repetitive tasks at a high rate of repetition. This is very different from artificial intelligence, which is the collection of large amounts of data in order to make complex decisions. This distinction between robots and artificial intelligence can help predict which types of workers will be disadvantaged. The general consensus is that robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers, as they can replace these workers in repetitive, often skilled tasks. 

A study conducted by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo of MIT and Boston University from 1990 to 2007 on thirteen manufacturing industries and six non-manufacturing industries found that an increase in the use of industrial robots per thousand workers resulted in a decrease in employment rates and wages overall. 

Robots are indeed on the horizon, but there are both winners and losers in the automation industry. While robots may have negligible effects on national employment as a whole, certain industries and regions are more affected by the growth of robots, and certain groups of workers are disproportionately impacted by this growth. In addition, job losses due to robotization may have little effect on total employment, as displaced workers find other jobs (especially in a strong economy with low unemployment), even if they pay less. 

The economic expansion of the past decade has effectively “masked” some of the negative effects robots have had on workers. It’s not that robots weren’t displacing jobs; rather, the overall economic expansion was sufficient to compensate for a portion of these job losses.

What is the prevailing conflict of the two extracts?

Extract A: How Robots Influence the Workforce

Since ancient times, technology has played a role in making work more efficient: from simple farming tools to the assembly-line robots of today. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in business settings. They work directly alongside or completely replace human workers. For example, Amazon Inc. uses a variety of robots to stock inventory, and retrieve and package items in its warehouses. Tesla Motors Inc. has automated and robotic assembly lines for its electric vehicles and batteries. While it is undeniable that robots are replacing jobs and posing a significant threat to low-skilled workers and a moderate threat to middle-skilled workers, robots also have a number of positive effects on the economy.

A higher standard of living can be achieved through higher wages, lower prices for goods and services, and a greater variety of goods and services overall. The increase in labour productivity, as measured by output per hour, causes these occurrences. Increases in the quality of labour, capital, and total factory productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity, all contribute to economic expansion.

Increases in labour quality result from increased and improved employee education and training. Through investments in machines, computers, robotics, and other output-generating items, capital drives productivity growth. TFP, frequently cited as the most significant source of productivity growth, derives from the synergies of labour and capital operating as efficiently as possible together. Keeping the education and productivity of the workforce constant, for instance, if the machines they use become more productive, the TFP will still increase. Unquestionably, robots improve the “machine” aspect of manufacturing facilities. Even if the human component of factories remains unchanged, increased efficiencies from robotics will inevitably result in a rise in factory productivity.

Unsurprisingly, as productivity increases, so does the gross domestic product (GDP). “Robots at Work,” authored by Georg Graetz of Uppsala University and Guy Michaels of the London School of Economics, examined the economic effects of robots. They examined the United States and sixteen other countries over a 15-year period ending in 2007 and analysed a variety of data. Graetz and Michaels discovered that the increasing use of industrial robots during the time period increased the annual growth of GDP by 0.36% on average across 17 countries. They compared this substantial growth to the productivity increases caused by steam technology at the turn of the 20th century.

Numerous individuals are unaware that robots are creating new, high-paying jobs that require skilled workers. While it is true that robots are replacing low-skilled workers and automating the tasks they perform, robots and automation are necessitating higher-paying jobs. In the manufacturing industry, for instance, robots can perform menial tasks such as sorting, transporting, and stocking raw materials, while humans are better suited for higher-skilled roles such as quality-related tasks.

While it is true that robots and automation are eliminating entire categories of jobs in a variety of industries, there has never been a better time for workers to obtain higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs if they acquire the necessary skills and education.

Extract B: How Robots Are Beginning to Affect Workers and Their Wages

Although it took several years for the U.S. economy to recover from the Great Recession, the current economic expansion is widely regarded as outstanding. As the current expansion progressed, technological development continued to reshape how, where, when, and with whom Americans work. The use of “industrial robots” in the workplace is one example of the increasing impact of technology on the workplace.

But, what exactly is an industrial robot? The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) defines an industrial robot as “an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes that can be either permanently installed or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.”

The IFR specified five distinct types of industrial robots. Their mechanical structure dictates their classification: Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), Linear, Articulated, Parallel, and Cylindrical robots. Typically, robots of the SCARA variety perform assembly and packaging tasks. On the other hand, linear robots are utilised for plastic moulding, sealing, laser welding, pressing, packaging, and forging handling. Articulated robots perform metal casting, palletizing, welding, and painting. While parallel robots perform tasks such as picking and placing, assembly, and handling. Lastly, cylindrical robots perform spot welding.

All of these robot types perform specific, repetitive tasks at a high rate of repetition. This is very different from artificial intelligence, which is the collection of large amounts of data in order to make complex decisions. This distinction between robots and artificial intelligence can help predict which types of workers will be disadvantaged. The general consensus is that robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers, as they can replace these workers in repetitive, often skilled tasks. 

A study conducted by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo of MIT and Boston University from 1990 to 2007 on thirteen manufacturing industries and six non-manufacturing industries found that an increase in the use of industrial robots per thousand workers resulted in a decrease in employment rates and wages overall. 

Robots are indeed on the horizon, but there are both winners and losers in the automation industry. While robots may have negligible effects on national employment as a whole, certain industries and regions are more affected by the growth of robots, and certain groups of workers are disproportionately impacted by this growth. In addition, job losses due to robotization may have little effect on total employment, as displaced workers find other jobs (especially in a strong economy with low unemployment), even if they pay less. 

The economic expansion of the past decade has effectively “masked” some of the negative effects robots have had on workers. It’s not that robots weren’t displacing jobs; rather, the overall economic expansion was sufficient to compensate for a portion of these job losses.

What do the two extracts have in common?

Extract A: How Robots Influence the Workforce

Since ancient times, technology has played a role in making work more efficient: from simple farming tools to the assembly-line robots of today. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in business settings. They work directly alongside or completely replace human workers. For example, Amazon Inc. uses a variety of robots to stock inventory, and retrieve and package items in its warehouses. Tesla Motors Inc. has automated and robotic assembly lines for its electric vehicles and batteries. While it is undeniable that robots are replacing jobs and posing a significant threat to low-skilled workers and a moderate threat to middle-skilled workers, robots also have a number of positive effects on the economy.

A higher standard of living can be achieved through higher wages, lower prices for goods and services, and a greater variety of goods and services overall. The increase in labour productivity, as measured by output per hour, causes these occurrences. Increases in the quality of labour, capital, and total factory productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity, all contribute to economic expansion.

Increases in labour quality result from increased and improved employee education and training. Through investments in machines, computers, robotics, and other output-generating items, capital drives productivity growth. TFP, frequently cited as the most significant source of productivity growth, derives from the synergies of labour and capital operating as efficiently as possible together. Keeping the education and productivity of the workforce constant, for instance, if the machines they use become more productive, the TFP will still increase. Unquestionably, robots improve the “machine” aspect of manufacturing facilities. Even if the human component of factories remains unchanged, increased efficiencies from robotics will inevitably result in a rise in factory productivity.

Unsurprisingly, as productivity increases, so does the gross domestic product (GDP). “Robots at Work,” authored by Georg Graetz of Uppsala University and Guy Michaels of the London School of Economics, examined the economic effects of robots. They examined the United States and sixteen other countries over a 15-year period ending in 2007 and analysed a variety of data. Graetz and Michaels discovered that the increasing use of industrial robots during the time period increased the annual growth of GDP by 0.36% on average across 17 countries. They compared this substantial growth to the productivity increases caused by steam technology at the turn of the 20th century.

Numerous individuals are unaware that robots are creating new, high-paying jobs that require skilled workers. While it is true that robots are replacing low-skilled workers and automating the tasks they perform, robots and automation are necessitating higher-paying jobs. In the manufacturing industry, for instance, robots can perform menial tasks such as sorting, transporting, and stocking raw materials, while humans are better suited for higher-skilled roles such as quality-related tasks.

While it is true that robots and automation are eliminating entire categories of jobs in a variety of industries, there has never been a better time for workers to obtain higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs if they acquire the necessary skills and education.

Extract B: How Robots Are Beginning to Affect Workers and Their Wages

Although it took several years for the U.S. economy to recover from the Great Recession, the current economic expansion is widely regarded as outstanding. As the current expansion progressed, technological development continued to reshape how, where, when, and with whom Americans work. The use of “industrial robots” in the workplace is one example of the increasing impact of technology on the workplace.

But, what exactly is an industrial robot? The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) defines an industrial robot as “an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes that can be either permanently installed or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.”

The IFR specified five distinct types of industrial robots. Their mechanical structure dictates their classification: Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), Linear, Articulated, Parallel, and Cylindrical robots. Typically, robots of the SCARA variety perform assembly and packaging tasks. On the other hand, linear robots are utilised for plastic moulding, sealing, laser welding, pressing, packaging, and forging handling. Articulated robots perform metal casting, palletizing, welding, and painting. While parallel robots perform tasks such as picking and placing, assembly, and handling. Lastly, cylindrical robots perform spot welding.

All of these robot types perform specific, repetitive tasks at a high rate of repetition. This is very different from artificial intelligence, which is the collection of large amounts of data in order to make complex decisions. This distinction between robots and artificial intelligence can help predict which types of workers will be disadvantaged. The general consensus is that robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers, as they can replace these workers in repetitive, often skilled tasks. 

A study conducted by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo of MIT and Boston University from 1990 to 2007 on thirteen manufacturing industries and six non-manufacturing industries found that an increase in the use of industrial robots per thousand workers resulted in a decrease in employment rates and wages overall. 

Robots are indeed on the horizon, but there are both winners and losers in the automation industry. While robots may have negligible effects on national employment as a whole, certain industries and regions are more affected by the growth of robots, and certain groups of workers are disproportionately impacted by this growth. In addition, job losses due to robotization may have little effect on total employment, as displaced workers find other jobs (especially in a strong economy with low unemployment), even if they pay less. 

The economic expansion of the past decade has effectively “masked” some of the negative effects robots have had on workers. It’s not that robots weren’t displacing jobs; rather, the overall economic expansion was sufficient to compensate for a portion of these job losses.

Which is true about both extracts?

Extract A: How Robots Influence the Workforce

Since ancient times, technology has played a role in making work more efficient: from simple farming tools to the assembly-line robots of today. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in business settings. They work directly alongside or completely replace human workers. For example, Amazon Inc. uses a variety of robots to stock inventory, and retrieve and package items in its warehouses. Tesla Motors Inc. has automated and robotic assembly lines for its electric vehicles and batteries. While it is undeniable that robots are replacing jobs and posing a significant threat to low-skilled workers and a moderate threat to middle-skilled workers, robots also have a number of positive effects on the economy.

A higher standard of living can be achieved through higher wages, lower prices for goods and services, and a greater variety of goods and services overall. The increase in labour productivity, as measured by output per hour, causes these occurrences. Increases in the quality of labour, capital, and total factory productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity, all contribute to economic expansion.

Increases in labour quality result from increased and improved employee education and training. Through investments in machines, computers, robotics, and other output-generating items, capital drives productivity growth. TFP, frequently cited as the most significant source of productivity growth, derives from the synergies of labour and capital operating as efficiently as possible together. Keeping the education and productivity of the workforce constant, for instance, if the machines they use become more productive, the TFP will still increase. Unquestionably, robots improve the “machine” aspect of manufacturing facilities. Even if the human component of factories remains unchanged, increased efficiencies from robotics will inevitably result in a rise in factory productivity.

Unsurprisingly, as productivity increases, so does the gross domestic product (GDP). “Robots at Work,” authored by Georg Graetz of Uppsala University and Guy Michaels of the London School of Economics, examined the economic effects of robots. They examined the United States and sixteen other countries over a 15-year period ending in 2007 and analysed a variety of data. Graetz and Michaels discovered that the increasing use of industrial robots during the time period increased the annual growth of GDP by 0.36% on average across 17 countries. They compared this substantial growth to the productivity increases caused by steam technology at the turn of the 20th century.

Numerous individuals are unaware that robots are creating new, high-paying jobs that require skilled workers. While it is true that robots are replacing low-skilled workers and automating the tasks they perform, robots and automation are necessitating higher-paying jobs. In the manufacturing industry, for instance, robots can perform menial tasks such as sorting, transporting, and stocking raw materials, while humans are better suited for higher-skilled roles such as quality-related tasks.

While it is true that robots and automation are eliminating entire categories of jobs in a variety of industries, there has never been a better time for workers to obtain higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs if they acquire the necessary skills and education.

Extract B: How Robots Are Beginning to Affect Workers and Their Wages

Although it took several years for the U.S. economy to recover from the Great Recession, the current economic expansion is widely regarded as outstanding. As the current expansion progressed, technological development continued to reshape how, where, when, and with whom Americans work. The use of “industrial robots” in the workplace is one example of the increasing impact of technology on the workplace.

But, what exactly is an industrial robot? The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) defines an industrial robot as “an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes that can be either permanently installed or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.”

The IFR specified five distinct types of industrial robots. Their mechanical structure dictates their classification: Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), Linear, Articulated, Parallel, and Cylindrical robots. Typically, robots of the SCARA variety perform assembly and packaging tasks. On the other hand, linear robots are utilised for plastic moulding, sealing, laser welding, pressing, packaging, and forging handling. Articulated robots perform metal casting, palletizing, welding, and painting. While parallel robots perform tasks such as picking and placing, assembly, and handling. Lastly, cylindrical robots perform spot welding.

All of these robot types perform specific, repetitive tasks at a high rate of repetition. This is very different from artificial intelligence, which is the collection of large amounts of data in order to make complex decisions. This distinction between robots and artificial intelligence can help predict which types of workers will be disadvantaged. The general consensus is that robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers, as they can replace these workers in repetitive, often skilled tasks. 

A study conducted by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo of MIT and Boston University from 1990 to 2007 on thirteen manufacturing industries and six non-manufacturing industries found that an increase in the use of industrial robots per thousand workers resulted in a decrease in employment rates and wages overall. 

Robots are indeed on the horizon, but there are both winners and losers in the automation industry. While robots may have negligible effects on national employment as a whole, certain industries and regions are more affected by the growth of robots, and certain groups of workers are disproportionately impacted by this growth. In addition, job losses due to robotization may have little effect on total employment, as displaced workers find other jobs (especially in a strong economy with low unemployment), even if they pay less. 

The economic expansion of the past decade has effectively “masked” some of the negative effects robots have had on workers. It’s not that robots weren’t displacing jobs; rather, the overall economic expansion was sufficient to compensate for a portion of these job losses.

As stated in Extract B, robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers. With this, according to Extract A, what can the low-skilled workers do to prevent this from happening?

Extract A: How Robots Influence the Workforce

Since ancient times, technology has played a role in making work more efficient: from simple farming tools to the assembly-line robots of today. Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in business settings. They work directly alongside or completely replace human workers. For example, Amazon Inc. uses a variety of robots to stock inventory, and retrieve and package items in its warehouses. Tesla Motors Inc. has automated and robotic assembly lines for its electric vehicles and batteries. While it is undeniable that robots are replacing jobs and posing a significant threat to low-skilled workers and a moderate threat to middle-skilled workers, robots also have a number of positive effects on the economy.

A higher standard of living can be achieved through higher wages, lower prices for goods and services, and a greater variety of goods and services overall. The increase in labour productivity, as measured by output per hour, causes these occurrences. Increases in the quality of labour, capital, and total factory productivity (TFP), also known as multifactor productivity, all contribute to economic expansion.

Increases in labour quality result from increased and improved employee education and training. Through investments in machines, computers, robotics, and other output-generating items, capital drives productivity growth. TFP, frequently cited as the most significant source of productivity growth, derives from the synergies of labour and capital operating as efficiently as possible together. Keeping the education and productivity of the workforce constant, for instance, if the machines they use become more productive, the TFP will still increase. Unquestionably, robots improve the “machine” aspect of manufacturing facilities. Even if the human component of factories remains unchanged, increased efficiencies from robotics will inevitably result in a rise in factory productivity.

Unsurprisingly, as productivity increases, so does the gross domestic product (GDP). “Robots at Work,” authored by Georg Graetz of Uppsala University and Guy Michaels of the London School of Economics, examined the economic effects of robots. They examined the United States and sixteen other countries over a 15-year period ending in 2007 and analysed a variety of data. Graetz and Michaels discovered that the increasing use of industrial robots during the time period increased the annual growth of GDP by 0.36% on average across 17 countries. They compared this substantial growth to the productivity increases caused by steam technology at the turn of the 20th century.

Numerous individuals are unaware that robots are creating new, high-paying jobs that require skilled workers. While it is true that robots are replacing low-skilled workers and automating the tasks they perform, robots and automation are necessitating higher-paying jobs. In the manufacturing industry, for instance, robots can perform menial tasks such as sorting, transporting, and stocking raw materials, while humans are better suited for higher-skilled roles such as quality-related tasks.

While it is true that robots and automation are eliminating entire categories of jobs in a variety of industries, there has never been a better time for workers to obtain higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs if they acquire the necessary skills and education.

Extract B: How Robots Are Beginning to Affect Workers and Their Wages

Although it took several years for the U.S. economy to recover from the Great Recession, the current economic expansion is widely regarded as outstanding. As the current expansion progressed, technological development continued to reshape how, where, when, and with whom Americans work. The use of “industrial robots” in the workplace is one example of the increasing impact of technology on the workplace.

But, what exactly is an industrial robot? The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) defines an industrial robot as “an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes that can be either permanently installed or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.”

The IFR specified five distinct types of industrial robots. Their mechanical structure dictates their classification: Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA), Linear, Articulated, Parallel, and Cylindrical robots. Typically, robots of the SCARA variety perform assembly and packaging tasks. On the other hand, linear robots are utilised for plastic moulding, sealing, laser welding, pressing, packaging, and forging handling. Articulated robots perform metal casting, palletizing, welding, and painting. While parallel robots perform tasks such as picking and placing, assembly, and handling. Lastly, cylindrical robots perform spot welding.

All of these robot types perform specific, repetitive tasks at a high rate of repetition. This is very different from artificial intelligence, which is the collection of large amounts of data in order to make complex decisions. This distinction between robots and artificial intelligence can help predict which types of workers will be disadvantaged. The general consensus is that robots have a greater impact on less-educated workers, as they can replace these workers in repetitive, often skilled tasks. 

A study conducted by Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo of MIT and Boston University from 1990 to 2007 on thirteen manufacturing industries and six non-manufacturing industries found that an increase in the use of industrial robots per thousand workers resulted in a decrease in employment rates and wages overall. 

Robots are indeed on the horizon, but there are both winners and losers in the automation industry. While robots may have negligible effects on national employment as a whole, certain industries and regions are more affected by the growth of robots, and certain groups of workers are disproportionately impacted by this growth. In addition, job losses due to robotization may have little effect on total employment, as displaced workers find other jobs (especially in a strong economy with low unemployment), even if they pay less. 

The economic expansion of the past decade has effectively “masked” some of the negative effects robots have had on workers. It’s not that robots weren’t displacing jobs; rather, the overall economic expansion was sufficient to compensate for a portion of these job losses.

After reading the extracts, which of the following is NOT true about robots in the workplace?

The Son by Mary Oliver

The son my father never had

lived with me

secretly;

before I sleep

I thought of him 5

with his strong wrists,

with my eyes.

My mother’s body,

too torn from the expulsion

to bear again 10

fed me,

but the longing was clear.

Soon

I could fight like a boy

I could shoot a ball, 15

I could get lost

and find my way home.

I could not name the things

I was afraid of

like my own body, 20

cranky and mysterious

as water.

Of course I dreamed

a miracle would happen.

How they loved him, 25

his swagger, his long legs!

So, in the end,

I must pity them, I suppose,

for the sorrow

that hangs in the air 30

even now

when I greet them

as kindly as I can

in my happiness,

in my soft body, 35

in my long and shining hair –

for it was all true:

the miracle of myself,

their dreams,

their despair. 40

What is the prevailing mood of the poem?

The Son by Mary Oliver

The son my father never had

lived with me

secretly;

before I sleep

I thought of him 5

with his strong wrists,

with my eyes.

My mother’s body,

too torn from the expulsion

to bear again 10

fed me,

but the longing was clear.

Soon

I could fight like a boy

I could shoot a ball, 15

I could get lost

and find my way home.

I could not name the things

I was afraid of

like my own body, 20

cranky and mysterious

as water.

Of course I dreamed

a miracle would happen.

How they loved him, 25

his swagger, his long legs!

So, in the end,

I must pity them, I suppose,

for the sorrow

that hangs in the air 30

even now

when I greet them

as kindly as I can

in my happiness,

in my soft body, 35

in my long and shining hair –

for it was all true:

the miracle of myself,

their dreams,

their despair. 40

Which of the following is NOT a theme explored in the poem?

The Son by Mary Oliver

The son my father never had

lived with me

secretly;

before I sleep

I thought of him 5

with his strong wrists,

with my eyes.

My mother’s body,

too torn from the expulsion

to bear again 10

fed me,

but the longing was clear.

Soon

I could fight like a boy

I could shoot a ball, 15

I could get lost

and find my way home.

I could not name the things

I was afraid of

like my own body, 20

cranky and mysterious

as water.

Of course I dreamed

a miracle would happen.

How they loved him, 25

his swagger, his long legs!

So, in the end,

I must pity them, I suppose,

for the sorrow

that hangs in the air 30

even now

when I greet them

as kindly as I can

in my happiness,

in my soft body, 35

in my long and shining hair –

for it was all true:

the miracle of myself,

their dreams,

their despair. 40

Which of the following is a figurative language that is used in the poem?

The Son by Mary Oliver

The son my father never had

lived with me

secretly;

before I sleep

I thought of him 5

with his strong wrists,

with my eyes.

My mother’s body,

too torn from the expulsion

to bear again 10

fed me,

but the longing was clear.

Soon

I could fight like a boy

I could shoot a ball, 15

I could get lost

and find my way home.

I could not name the things

I was afraid of

like my own body, 20

cranky and mysterious

as water.

Of course I dreamed

a miracle would happen.

How they loved him, 25

his swagger, his long legs!

So, in the end,

I must pity them, I suppose,

for the sorrow

that hangs in the air 30

even now

when I greet them

as kindly as I can

in my happiness,

in my soft body, 35

in my long and shining hair –

for it was all true:

the miracle of myself,

their dreams,

their despair. 40

What is the poem all about?

The Son by Mary Oliver

The son my father never had

lived with me

secretly;

before I sleep

I thought of him 5

with his strong wrists,

with my eyes.

My mother’s body,

too torn from the expulsion

to bear again 10

fed me,

but the longing was clear.

Soon

I could fight like a boy

I could shoot a ball, 15

I could get lost

and find my way home.

I could not name the things

I was afraid of

like my own body, 20

cranky and mysterious

as water.

Of course I dreamed

a miracle would happen.

How they loved him, 25

his swagger, his long legs!

So, in the end,

I must pity them, I suppose,

for the sorrow

that hangs in the air 30

even now

when I greet them

as kindly as I can

in my happiness,

in my soft body, 35

in my long and shining hair –

for it was all true:

the miracle of myself,

their dreams,

their despair. 40

What do lines 8 to 10 convey?

The Son by Mary Oliver

The son my father never had

lived with me

secretly;

before I sleep

I thought of him 5

with his strong wrists,

with my eyes.

My mother’s body,

too torn from the expulsion

to bear again 10

fed me,

but the longing was clear.

Soon

I could fight like a boy

I could shoot a ball, 15

I could get lost

and find my way home.

I could not name the things

I was afraid of

like my own body, 20

cranky and mysterious

as water.

Of course I dreamed

a miracle would happen.

How they loved him, 25

his swagger, his long legs!

So, in the end,

I must pity them, I suppose,

for the sorrow

that hangs in the air 30

even now

when I greet them

as kindly as I can

in my happiness,

in my soft body, 35

in my long and shining hair –

for it was all true:

the miracle of myself,

their dreams,

their despair. 40

What do lines 34 to 40 convey?

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

Why Cheerleading Should Be Widely Recognized as a Sport

According to The New York Times, cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls’ sport, yet more than half of Americans do not consider it a sport. In addition, they fail to differentiate between sideline and competitive cheerleaders. 13……………………. Competitive cheerleading, on the other hand, is a sport.

The Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors defines a sport as “a physical activity (competition) against/with an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and whose primary purpose is to compare the relative skills of the participants.” 14……………………. Cheerleading competitions involve a great deal of physical activity. Cheerleaders, like gymnasts, must learn to tumble. They execute backflips while standing, round flip-flops, and full layout twists. Additionally, cheerleaders perform lifts and tosses. This is where “fliers” are thrown into the air, with “bases” holding them in various positions that require strength and teamwork.

Just as there are rules for competitive basketball and football, there are also rules for competitive cheerleading. The entire routine must be performed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, and the cheerleaders must remain within a specific area. The objective of competitive cheerleaders is to be the best. 15……………………. The greater the difficulty of a mount or stunt, as well as the sharpness and coordination of the movements, the higher the score. Cheerleading is a team sport, so first place is unattainable without cooperation and synchronisation.

16……………………. There are five times as many emergency room visits for cheerleading as for any other sport, in part because cheerleaders do not wear protective gear. While many athletes wear hip pads, knee pads, shin guards, and helmets, cheerleaders are tossed into the air and land in the arms of their teammates while smiling.

The fliers must always maintain a tight formation so that their bases can safely catch them. In addition, because many schools have not yet recognised cheerleading as a sport, neither adequate matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety. 17……………………. There would be fewer injuries if competitive cheerleading were more widely recognised as a sport.

Consequently, why do many Americans not consider cheerleading a sport? It cannot be because cheerleaders do not manipulate objects or use balls (if you do not count megaphones, pompoms and signs as objects). Wrestling, swimming, diving, track, cross-country, gymnastics, ice skating, and boxing are recognised ball-less sports. 18……………………. They believe their sole purpose is to entertain the crowd, but modern cheerleaders compete against other squads and work just as hard as other athletes.

Cheerleading competition is a sport. It is a physical activity governed by rules under which a winner can be declared, the primary purpose of which is to compare the abilities of the participants. Since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those who participate in football and basketball, it is hoped that cheerleading will become as well-known as football and basketball and even make it to the Olympics.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

Why Cheerleading Should Be Widely Recognized as a Sport

According to The New York Times, cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls’ sport, yet more than half of Americans do not consider it a sport. In addition, they fail to differentiate between sideline and competitive cheerleaders. 13……………………. Competitive cheerleading, on the other hand, is a sport.

The Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors defines a sport as “a physical activity (competition) against/with an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and whose primary purpose is to compare the relative skills of the participants.” 14……………………. Cheerleading competitions involve a great deal of physical activity. Cheerleaders, like gymnasts, must learn to tumble. They execute backflips while standing, round flip-flops, and full layout twists. Additionally, cheerleaders perform lifts and tosses. This is where “fliers” are thrown into the air, with “bases” holding them in various positions that require strength and teamwork.

Just as there are rules for competitive basketball and football, there are also rules for competitive cheerleading. The entire routine must be performed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, and the cheerleaders must remain within a specific area. The objective of competitive cheerleaders is to be the best. 15……………………. The greater the difficulty of a mount or stunt, as well as the sharpness and coordination of the movements, the higher the score. Cheerleading is a team sport, so first place is unattainable without cooperation and synchronisation.

16……………………. There are five times as many emergency room visits for cheerleading as for any other sport, in part because cheerleaders do not wear protective gear. While many athletes wear hip pads, knee pads, shin guards, and helmets, cheerleaders are tossed into the air and land in the arms of their teammates while smiling.

The fliers must always maintain a tight formation so that their bases can safely catch them. In addition, because many schools have not yet recognised cheerleading as a sport, neither adequate matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety. 17……………………. There would be fewer injuries if competitive cheerleading were more widely recognised as a sport.

Consequently, why do many Americans not consider cheerleading a sport? It cannot be because cheerleaders do not manipulate objects or use balls (if you do not count megaphones, pompoms and signs as objects). Wrestling, swimming, diving, track, cross-country, gymnastics, ice skating, and boxing are recognised ball-less sports. 18……………………. They believe their sole purpose is to entertain the crowd, but modern cheerleaders compete against other squads and work just as hard as other athletes.

Cheerleading competition is a sport. It is a physical activity governed by rules under which a winner can be declared, the primary purpose of which is to compare the abilities of the participants. Since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those who participate in football and basketball, it is hoped that cheerleading will become as well-known as football and basketball and even make it to the Olympics.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

Why Cheerleading Should Be Widely Recognized as a Sport

According to The New York Times, cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls’ sport, yet more than half of Americans do not consider it a sport. In addition, they fail to differentiate between sideline and competitive cheerleaders. 13……………………. Competitive cheerleading, on the other hand, is a sport.

The Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors defines a sport as “a physical activity (competition) against/with an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and whose primary purpose is to compare the relative skills of the participants.” 14……………………. Cheerleading competitions involve a great deal of physical activity. Cheerleaders, like gymnasts, must learn to tumble. They execute backflips while standing, round flip-flops, and full layout twists. Additionally, cheerleaders perform lifts and tosses. This is where “fliers” are thrown into the air, with “bases” holding them in various positions that require strength and teamwork.

Just as there are rules for competitive basketball and football, there are also rules for competitive cheerleading. The entire routine must be performed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, and the cheerleaders must remain within a specific area. The objective of competitive cheerleaders is to be the best. 15……………………. The greater the difficulty of a mount or stunt, as well as the sharpness and coordination of the movements, the higher the score. Cheerleading is a team sport, so first place is unattainable without cooperation and synchronisation.

16……………………. There are five times as many emergency room visits for cheerleading as for any other sport, in part because cheerleaders do not wear protective gear. While many athletes wear hip pads, knee pads, shin guards, and helmets, cheerleaders are tossed into the air and land in the arms of their teammates while smiling.

The fliers must always maintain a tight formation so that their bases can safely catch them. In addition, because many schools have not yet recognised cheerleading as a sport, neither adequate matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety. 17……………………. There would be fewer injuries if competitive cheerleading were more widely recognised as a sport.

Consequently, why do many Americans not consider cheerleading a sport? It cannot be because cheerleaders do not manipulate objects or use balls (if you do not count megaphones, pompoms and signs as objects). Wrestling, swimming, diving, track, cross-country, gymnastics, ice skating, and boxing are recognised ball-less sports. 18……………………. They believe their sole purpose is to entertain the crowd, but modern cheerleaders compete against other squads and work just as hard as other athletes.

Cheerleading competition is a sport. It is a physical activity governed by rules under which a winner can be declared, the primary purpose of which is to compare the abilities of the participants. Since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those who participate in football and basketball, it is hoped that cheerleading will become as well-known as football and basketball and even make it to the Olympics.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

Why Cheerleading Should Be Widely Recognized as a Sport

According to The New York Times, cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls’ sport, yet more than half of Americans do not consider it a sport. In addition, they fail to differentiate between sideline and competitive cheerleaders. 13……………………. Competitive cheerleading, on the other hand, is a sport.

The Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors defines a sport as “a physical activity (competition) against/with an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and whose primary purpose is to compare the relative skills of the participants.” 14……………………. Cheerleading competitions involve a great deal of physical activity. Cheerleaders, like gymnasts, must learn to tumble. They execute backflips while standing, round flip-flops, and full layout twists. Additionally, cheerleaders perform lifts and tosses. This is where “fliers” are thrown into the air, with “bases” holding them in various positions that require strength and teamwork.

Just as there are rules for competitive basketball and football, there are also rules for competitive cheerleading. The entire routine must be performed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, and the cheerleaders must remain within a specific area. The objective of competitive cheerleaders is to be the best. 15……………………. The greater the difficulty of a mount or stunt, as well as the sharpness and coordination of the movements, the higher the score. Cheerleading is a team sport, so first place is unattainable without cooperation and synchronisation.

16……………………. There are five times as many emergency room visits for cheerleading as for any other sport, in part because cheerleaders do not wear protective gear. While many athletes wear hip pads, knee pads, shin guards, and helmets, cheerleaders are tossed into the air and land in the arms of their teammates while smiling.

The fliers must always maintain a tight formation so that their bases can safely catch them. In addition, because many schools have not yet recognised cheerleading as a sport, neither adequate matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety. 17……………………. There would be fewer injuries if competitive cheerleading were more widely recognised as a sport.

Consequently, why do many Americans not consider cheerleading a sport? It cannot be because cheerleaders do not manipulate objects or use balls (if you do not count megaphones, pompoms and signs as objects). Wrestling, swimming, diving, track, cross-country, gymnastics, ice skating, and boxing are recognised ball-less sports. 18……………………. They believe their sole purpose is to entertain the crowd, but modern cheerleaders compete against other squads and work just as hard as other athletes.

Cheerleading competition is a sport. It is a physical activity governed by rules under which a winner can be declared, the primary purpose of which is to compare the abilities of the participants. Since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those who participate in football and basketball, it is hoped that cheerleading will become as well-known as football and basketball and even make it to the Olympics.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

Why Cheerleading Should Be Widely Recognized as a Sport

According to The New York Times, cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls’ sport, yet more than half of Americans do not consider it a sport. In addition, they fail to differentiate between sideline and competitive cheerleaders. 13……………………. Competitive cheerleading, on the other hand, is a sport.

The Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors defines a sport as “a physical activity (competition) against/with an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and whose primary purpose is to compare the relative skills of the participants.” 14……………………. Cheerleading competitions involve a great deal of physical activity. Cheerleaders, like gymnasts, must learn to tumble. They execute backflips while standing, round flip-flops, and full layout twists. Additionally, cheerleaders perform lifts and tosses. This is where “fliers” are thrown into the air, with “bases” holding them in various positions that require strength and teamwork.

Just as there are rules for competitive basketball and football, there are also rules for competitive cheerleading. The entire routine must be performed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, and the cheerleaders must remain within a specific area. The objective of competitive cheerleaders is to be the best. 15……………………. The greater the difficulty of a mount or stunt, as well as the sharpness and coordination of the movements, the higher the score. Cheerleading is a team sport, so first place is unattainable without cooperation and synchronisation.

16……………………. There are five times as many emergency room visits for cheerleading as for any other sport, in part because cheerleaders do not wear protective gear. While many athletes wear hip pads, knee pads, shin guards, and helmets, cheerleaders are tossed into the air and land in the arms of their teammates while smiling.

The fliers must always maintain a tight formation so that their bases can safely catch them. In addition, because many schools have not yet recognised cheerleading as a sport, neither adequate matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety. 17……………………. There would be fewer injuries if competitive cheerleading were more widely recognised as a sport.

Consequently, why do many Americans not consider cheerleading a sport? It cannot be because cheerleaders do not manipulate objects or use balls (if you do not count megaphones, pompoms and signs as objects). Wrestling, swimming, diving, track, cross-country, gymnastics, ice skating, and boxing are recognised ball-less sports. 18……………………. They believe their sole purpose is to entertain the crowd, but modern cheerleaders compete against other squads and work just as hard as other athletes.

Cheerleading competition is a sport. It is a physical activity governed by rules under which a winner can be declared, the primary purpose of which is to compare the abilities of the participants. Since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those who participate in football and basketball, it is hoped that cheerleading will become as well-known as football and basketball and even make it to the Olympics.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

Why Cheerleading Should Be Widely Recognized as a Sport

According to The New York Times, cheerleading is the fastest-growing girls’ sport, yet more than half of Americans do not consider it a sport. In addition, they fail to differentiate between sideline and competitive cheerleaders. 13……………………. Competitive cheerleading, on the other hand, is a sport.

The Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Advisors defines a sport as “a physical activity (competition) against/with an opponent, governed by rules and conditions under which a winner is declared, and whose primary purpose is to compare the relative skills of the participants.” 14……………………. Cheerleading competitions involve a great deal of physical activity. Cheerleaders, like gymnasts, must learn to tumble. They execute backflips while standing, round flip-flops, and full layout twists. Additionally, cheerleaders perform lifts and tosses. This is where “fliers” are thrown into the air, with “bases” holding them in various positions that require strength and teamwork.

Just as there are rules for competitive basketball and football, there are also rules for competitive cheerleading. The entire routine must be performed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, and the cheerleaders must remain within a specific area. The objective of competitive cheerleaders is to be the best. 15……………………. The greater the difficulty of a mount or stunt, as well as the sharpness and coordination of the movements, the higher the score. Cheerleading is a team sport, so first place is unattainable without cooperation and synchronisation.

16……………………. There are five times as many emergency room visits for cheerleading as for any other sport, in part because cheerleaders do not wear protective gear. While many athletes wear hip pads, knee pads, shin guards, and helmets, cheerleaders are tossed into the air and land in the arms of their teammates while smiling.

The fliers must always maintain a tight formation so that their bases can safely catch them. In addition, because many schools have not yet recognised cheerleading as a sport, neither adequate matting nor high enough ceilings are provided to ensure safety. 17……………………. There would be fewer injuries if competitive cheerleading were more widely recognised as a sport.

Consequently, why do many Americans not consider cheerleading a sport? It cannot be because cheerleaders do not manipulate objects or use balls (if you do not count megaphones, pompoms and signs as objects). Wrestling, swimming, diving, track, cross-country, gymnastics, ice skating, and boxing are recognised ball-less sports. 18……………………. They believe their sole purpose is to entertain the crowd, but modern cheerleaders compete against other squads and work just as hard as other athletes.

Cheerleading competition is a sport. It is a physical activity governed by rules under which a winner can be declared, the primary purpose of which is to compare the abilities of the participants. Since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those who participate in football and basketball, it is hoped that cheerleading will become as well-known as football and basketball and even make it to the Olympics.

Which extract mentions about a type of advertising wherein advertisements are optimised for viewing on handheld gadgets?

Which extract mentions about a variety of advertising that features images that can either be motionless or moving?

Which extract mentions about a type of advertising that uses straightforward content that is woven into a piece of content such as promoted content and is not considered to be distracting?

Which extract mentions about a kind of advertising that is grounded on videos disseminated on social media and provides a great onset for brands?

Which extract mentions about a type of advertising that grabs the audience’s attention, is fun to watch, and is great for telling complicated stories?

Which extract mentions about a very visual advertising type that is perfect for the advertisements of health companies that do not need to include lengthy waivers?

The City You’ll Fall in Love With

The huge skyscrapers, loud noises, and crowds of people make New York City an iconic place in the United States and the home of millions of people. It’s overwhelming and humbling to try to find your way through the streets of New York City. As soon as you step into the busy streets, you feel like a small fish in a big ocean. Even though these streets are rough and hard, there is something about them that is so inviting. You will be moved by the energy they give off. Because this City has so much to offer, there is never a dull moment. People really appreciate this city’s culture.

As you walk down these busy streets, you’re sure to see a number of coffee shops where aspiring writers are typing away or old friends are catching up while sipping their drinks. Next, there are the classic pizzerias where people love to go to get a slice of the famous New York-style pizza. One of the city’s most popular places to go to for a quick and easy lunch is its popular delis. People know that these streets have a lot of great food.

The artistic style of city streets is something that people like. A few splashes of colour liven up the city. A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life. This art isn’t just used to make the city look nicer; it’s also used to say things about society and politics. Lines of colourful flowers waiting to be sold are a common sight on the streets of this city. The beautiful variety makes the city come to life. People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage. Music is another art form that fills these streets. Any kind of music you can think of from any time period comes from every corner and alley. No matter if an artist is trying to get noticed, make a living, or just share their passion, the air is full of happiness that lifts people’s spirits. You don’t have to be on Broadway to see a great show in New York City. There are street performers all over the city who entertain people in the middle of their busy days. All of these different ways of being creative show how beautiful and powerful it is.

Fear no longer exists on the streets of New York City. On the corner, there are men and women in blue uniforms with badges that say “Protect and Serve” on them. When you know there are a lot of police officers around, you can relax and enjoy your surroundings instead of being left to your own devices.

The many ways to get around are one of the best things about living in a city. On any street, you can get a taxi by waving your arm or blowing a whistle. You can walk down the streets and hop on a subway, feeling the jolts as it starts and stops and hearing the loud rattle of the tracks. Even though all of these are good choices, it seems that walking is the most common way to get around. You can get where you want to go quickly or slowly, depending on how many options you have.

A street in New York City is the most American thing there is. The many parts of urban culture can be seen on the street at every turn, and everyone who comes to see it enjoys it.

What is the main purpose of the text?

The City You’ll Fall in Love With

The huge skyscrapers, loud noises, and crowds of people make New York City an iconic place in the United States and the home of millions of people. It’s overwhelming and humbling to try to find your way through the streets of New York City. As soon as you step into the busy streets, you feel like a small fish in a big ocean. Even though these streets are rough and hard, there is something about them that is so inviting. You will be moved by the energy they give off. Because this City has so much to offer, there is never a dull moment. People really appreciate this city’s culture.

As you walk down these busy streets, you’re sure to see a number of coffee shops where aspiring writers are typing away or old friends are catching up while sipping their drinks. Next, there are the classic pizzerias where people love to go to get a slice of the famous New York-style pizza. One of the city’s most popular places to go to for a quick and easy lunch is its popular delis. People know that these streets have a lot of great food.

The artistic style of city streets is something that people like. A few splashes of colour liven up the city. A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life. This art isn’t just used to make the city look nicer; it’s also used to say things about society and politics. Lines of colourful flowers waiting to be sold are a common sight on the streets of this city. The beautiful variety makes the city come to life. People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage. Music is another art form that fills these streets. Any kind of music you can think of from any time period comes from every corner and alley. No matter if an artist is trying to get noticed, make a living, or just share their passion, the air is full of happiness that lifts people’s spirits. You don’t have to be on Broadway to see a great show in New York City. There are street performers all over the city who entertain people in the middle of their busy days. All of these different ways of being creative show how beautiful and powerful it is.

Fear no longer exists on the streets of New York City. On the corner, there are men and women in blue uniforms with badges that say “Protect and Serve” on them. When you know there are a lot of police officers around, you can relax and enjoy your surroundings instead of being left to your own devices.

The many ways to get around are one of the best things about living in a city. On any street, you can get a taxi by waving your arm or blowing a whistle. You can walk down the streets and hop on a subway, feeling the jolts as it starts and stops and hearing the loud rattle of the tracks. Even though all of these are good choices, it seems that walking is the most common way to get around. You can get where you want to go quickly or slowly, depending on how many options you have.

A street in New York City is the most American thing there is. The many parts of urban culture can be seen on the street at every turn, and everyone who comes to see it enjoys it.

What is the mood expressed in the article?

The City You’ll Fall in Love With

The huge skyscrapers, loud noises, and crowds of people make New York City an iconic place in the United States and the home of millions of people. It’s overwhelming and humbling to try to find your way through the streets of New York City. As soon as you step into the busy streets, you feel like a small fish in a big ocean. Even though these streets are rough and hard, there is something about them that is so inviting. You will be moved by the energy they give off. Because this City has so much to offer, there is never a dull moment. People really appreciate this city’s culture.

As you walk down these busy streets, you’re sure to see a number of coffee shops where aspiring writers are typing away or old friends are catching up while sipping their drinks. Next, there are the classic pizzerias where people love to go to get a slice of the famous New York-style pizza. One of the city’s most popular places to go to for a quick and easy lunch is its popular delis. People know that these streets have a lot of great food.

The artistic style of city streets is something that people like. A few splashes of colour liven up the city. A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life. This art isn’t just used to make the city look nicer; it’s also used to say things about society and politics. Lines of colourful flowers waiting to be sold are a common sight on the streets of this city. The beautiful variety makes the city come to life. People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage. Music is another art form that fills these streets. Any kind of music you can think of from any time period comes from every corner and alley. No matter if an artist is trying to get noticed, make a living, or just share their passion, the air is full of happiness that lifts people’s spirits. You don’t have to be on Broadway to see a great show in New York City. There are street performers all over the city who entertain people in the middle of their busy days. All of these different ways of being creative show how beautiful and powerful it is.

Fear no longer exists on the streets of New York City. On the corner, there are men and women in blue uniforms with badges that say “Protect and Serve” on them. When you know there are a lot of police officers around, you can relax and enjoy your surroundings instead of being left to your own devices.

The many ways to get around are one of the best things about living in a city. On any street, you can get a taxi by waving your arm or blowing a whistle. You can walk down the streets and hop on a subway, feeling the jolts as it starts and stops and hearing the loud rattle of the tracks. Even though all of these are good choices, it seems that walking is the most common way to get around. You can get where you want to go quickly or slowly, depending on how many options you have.

A street in New York City is the most American thing there is. The many parts of urban culture can be seen on the street at every turn, and everyone who comes to see it enjoys it.

What type of claim is taken from the line, “People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage”?

The City You’ll Fall in Love With

The huge skyscrapers, loud noises, and crowds of people make New York City an iconic place in the United States and the home of millions of people. It’s overwhelming and humbling to try to find your way through the streets of New York City. As soon as you step into the busy streets, you feel like a small fish in a big ocean. Even though these streets are rough and hard, there is something about them that is so inviting. You will be moved by the energy they give off. Because this City has so much to offer, there is never a dull moment. People really appreciate this city’s culture.

As you walk down these busy streets, you’re sure to see a number of coffee shops where aspiring writers are typing away or old friends are catching up while sipping their drinks. Next, there are the classic pizzerias where people love to go to get a slice of the famous New York-style pizza. One of the city’s most popular places to go to for a quick and easy lunch is its popular delis. People know that these streets have a lot of great food.

The artistic style of city streets is something that people like. A few splashes of colour liven up the city. A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life. This art isn’t just used to make the city look nicer; it’s also used to say things about society and politics. Lines of colourful flowers waiting to be sold are a common sight on the streets of this city. The beautiful variety makes the city come to life. People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage. Music is another art form that fills these streets. Any kind of music you can think of from any time period comes from every corner and alley. No matter if an artist is trying to get noticed, make a living, or just share their passion, the air is full of happiness that lifts people’s spirits. You don’t have to be on Broadway to see a great show in New York City. There are street performers all over the city who entertain people in the middle of their busy days. All of these different ways of being creative show how beautiful and powerful it is.

Fear no longer exists on the streets of New York City. On the corner, there are men and women in blue uniforms with badges that say “Protect and Serve” on them. When you know there are a lot of police officers around, you can relax and enjoy your surroundings instead of being left to your own devices.

The many ways to get around are one of the best things about living in a city. On any street, you can get a taxi by waving your arm or blowing a whistle. You can walk down the streets and hop on a subway, feeling the jolts as it starts and stops and hearing the loud rattle of the tracks. Even though all of these are good choices, it seems that walking is the most common way to get around. You can get where you want to go quickly or slowly, depending on how many options you have.

A street in New York City is the most American thing there is. The many parts of urban culture can be seen on the street at every turn, and everyone who comes to see it enjoys it.

Identify the type of imagery the author used in the line, “A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life.”

The City You’ll Fall in Love With

The huge skyscrapers, loud noises, and crowds of people make New York City an iconic place in the United States and the home of millions of people. It’s overwhelming and humbling to try to find your way through the streets of New York City. As soon as you step into the busy streets, you feel like a small fish in a big ocean. Even though these streets are rough and hard, there is something about them that is so inviting. You will be moved by the energy they give off. Because this City has so much to offer, there is never a dull moment. People really appreciate this city’s culture.

As you walk down these busy streets, you’re sure to see a number of coffee shops where aspiring writers are typing away or old friends are catching up while sipping their drinks. Next, there are the classic pizzerias where people love to go to get a slice of the famous New York-style pizza. One of the city’s most popular places to go to for a quick and easy lunch is its popular delis. People know that these streets have a lot of great food.

The artistic style of city streets is something that people like. A few splashes of colour liven up the city. A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life. This art isn’t just used to make the city look nicer; it’s also used to say things about society and politics. Lines of colourful flowers waiting to be sold are a common sight on the streets of this city. The beautiful variety makes the city come to life. People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage. Music is another art form that fills these streets. Any kind of music you can think of from any time period comes from every corner and alley. No matter if an artist is trying to get noticed, make a living, or just share their passion, the air is full of happiness that lifts people’s spirits. You don’t have to be on Broadway to see a great show in New York City. There are street performers all over the city who entertain people in the middle of their busy days. All of these different ways of being creative show how beautiful and powerful it is.

Fear no longer exists on the streets of New York City. On the corner, there are men and women in blue uniforms with badges that say “Protect and Serve” on them. When you know there are a lot of police officers around, you can relax and enjoy your surroundings instead of being left to your own devices.

The many ways to get around are one of the best things about living in a city. On any street, you can get a taxi by waving your arm or blowing a whistle. You can walk down the streets and hop on a subway, feeling the jolts as it starts and stops and hearing the loud rattle of the tracks. Even though all of these are good choices, it seems that walking is the most common way to get around. You can get where you want to go quickly or slowly, depending on how many options you have.

A street in New York City is the most American thing there is. The many parts of urban culture can be seen on the street at every turn, and everyone who comes to see it enjoys it.

What role do the men and women in blue uniforms play in the streets of New York?

The City You’ll Fall in Love With

The huge skyscrapers, loud noises, and crowds of people make New York City an iconic place in the United States and the home of millions of people. It’s overwhelming and humbling to try to find your way through the streets of New York City. As soon as you step into the busy streets, you feel like a small fish in a big ocean. Even though these streets are rough and hard, there is something about them that is so inviting. You will be moved by the energy they give off. Because this City has so much to offer, there is never a dull moment. People really appreciate this city’s culture.

As you walk down these busy streets, you’re sure to see a number of coffee shops where aspiring writers are typing away or old friends are catching up while sipping their drinks. Next, there are the classic pizzerias where people love to go to get a slice of the famous New York-style pizza. One of the city’s most popular places to go to for a quick and easy lunch is its popular delis. People know that these streets have a lot of great food.

The artistic style of city streets is something that people like. A few splashes of colour liven up the city. A rough building is turned into a blank canvas for an artist, where their ideas come to life. This art isn’t just used to make the city look nicer; it’s also used to say things about society and politics. Lines of colourful flowers waiting to be sold are a common sight on the streets of this city. The beautiful variety makes the city come to life. People like the sweet smell it gives off because it is different from the usual smells of smoke and garbage. Music is another art form that fills these streets. Any kind of music you can think of from any time period comes from every corner and alley. No matter if an artist is trying to get noticed, make a living, or just share their passion, the air is full of happiness that lifts people’s spirits. You don’t have to be on Broadway to see a great show in New York City. There are street performers all over the city who entertain people in the middle of their busy days. All of these different ways of being creative show how beautiful and powerful it is.

Fear no longer exists on the streets of New York City. On the corner, there are men and women in blue uniforms with badges that say “Protect and Serve” on them. When you know there are a lot of police officers around, you can relax and enjoy your surroundings instead of being left to your own devices.

The many ways to get around are one of the best things about living in a city. On any street, you can get a taxi by waving your arm or blowing a whistle. You can walk down the streets and hop on a subway, feeling the jolts as it starts and stops and hearing the loud rattle of the tracks. Even though all of these are good choices, it seems that walking is the most common way to get around. You can get where you want to go quickly or slowly, depending on how many options you have.

A street in New York City is the most American thing there is. The many parts of urban culture can be seen on the street at every turn, and everyone who comes to see it enjoys it.

Which of the following is NOT true about New York City?

I. The people appreciate the artistic style of city streets.

II. The city is filled with huge skyscrapers, loud traffic, and swarms of people.

III. With all the transportation choices, the subway is the most common way to get around the city.

IV. In the midst of their busy days, people can be entertained by street performers anywhere in the city.