Day 1 Y4 OC English Trial Test

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 1.

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 2.

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 3.

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 4.

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 5.

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 6.

You are going to read an article about four descriptions of apes. For Questions 1-7, choose from the description of apes (A-D).

The description of apes may be chosen more than once.

Which description mentions:

Choose from the four descriptions(A-D) to answer question number 7.

Read the poem below and then answer the questions

The Sea by Pablo Neruda

I need the sea because it teaches me.

I don’t know if I learn music or awareness,

if it’s a single wave or its vast existence,

or only its harsh voice or its shining

suggestion of fishes and ships.                                  5

The fact is that until I fall asleep,

in some magnetic way I move in

the university of the waves.

It’s not simply the shells crunched

as if some shivering planet                                        10

were giving signs of its gradual death;

no, I reconstruct the day out of a fragment,

the stalactite from the sliver of salt,

and the great god out of a spoonful.

What it taught me before, I keep. It’s air                15

ceaseless wind, water and sand.

It seems a small thing for a young person,

to have come here to live with his own fire;

nevertheless, the pulse that rose

and fell in its abyss,                                                     20

the crackling of the blue cold,

the gradual wearing away of the star,

the soft unfolding of the wave

squandering snow with its foam,

the quiet power out there, sure                                 25

as a stone shrine in the depths,

replaced my world in which were growing

stubborn sorrow, gathering oblivion,

and my life changed suddenly:

as I became part of its pure movement.                  30

In line 8, what does the term “university of the waves” imply?

Read the poem below and then answer the questions

The Sea by Pablo Neruda

I need the sea because it teaches me.

I don’t know if I learn music or awareness,

if it’s a single wave or its vast existence,

or only its harsh voice or its shining

suggestion of fishes and ships.                                  5

The fact is that until I fall asleep,

in some magnetic way I move in

the university of the waves.

It’s not simply the shells crunched

as if some shivering planet                                        10

were giving signs of its gradual death;

no, I reconstruct the day out of a fragment,

the stalactite from the sliver of salt,

and the great god out of a spoonful.

What it taught me before, I keep. It’s air                15

ceaseless wind, water and sand.

It seems a small thing for a young person,

to have come here to live with his own fire;

nevertheless, the pulse that rose

and fell in its abyss,                                                     20

the crackling of the blue cold,

the gradual wearing away of the star,

the soft unfolding of the wave

squandering snow with its foam,

the quiet power out there, sure                                 25

as a stone shrine in the depths,

replaced my world in which were growing

stubborn sorrow, gathering oblivion,

and my life changed suddenly:

as I became part of its pure movement.                  30

In lines 12-15, what can we imply about the poet’s character?

Read the poem below and then answer the questions

The Sea by Pablo Neruda

I need the sea because it teaches me.

I don’t know if I learn music or awareness,

if it’s a single wave or its vast existence,

or only its harsh voice or its shining

suggestion of fishes and ships.                                  5

The fact is that until I fall asleep,

in some magnetic way I move in

the university of the waves.

It’s not simply the shells crunched

as if some shivering planet                                        10

were giving signs of its gradual death;

no, I reconstruct the day out of a fragment,

the stalactite from the sliver of salt,

and the great god out of a spoonful.

What it taught me before, I keep. It’s air                15

ceaseless wind, water and sand.

It seems a small thing for a young person,

to have come here to live with his own fire;

nevertheless, the pulse that rose

and fell in its abyss,                                                     20

the crackling of the blue cold,

the gradual wearing away of the star,

the soft unfolding of the wave

squandering snow with its foam,

the quiet power out there, sure                                 25

as a stone shrine in the depths,

replaced my world in which were growing

stubborn sorrow, gathering oblivion,

and my life changed suddenly:

as I became part of its pure movement.                  30

What does the poem suggest about the poet’s relationship with the sea?

Read the poem below and then answer the questions

The Sea by Pablo Neruda

I need the sea because it teaches me.

I don’t know if I learn music or awareness,

if it’s a single wave or its vast existence,

or only its harsh voice or its shining

suggestion of fishes and ships.                                  5

The fact is that until I fall asleep,

in some magnetic way I move in

the university of the waves.

It’s not simply the shells crunched

as if some shivering planet                                        10

were giving signs of its gradual death;

no, I reconstruct the day out of a fragment,

the stalactite from the sliver of salt,

and the great god out of a spoonful.

What it taught me before, I keep. It’s air                15

ceaseless wind, water and sand.

It seems a small thing for a young person,

to have come here to live with his own fire;

nevertheless, the pulse that rose

and fell in its abyss,                                                     20

the crackling of the blue cold,

the gradual wearing away of the star,

the soft unfolding of the wave

squandering snow with its foam,

the quiet power out there, sure                                 25

as a stone shrine in the depths,

replaced my world in which were growing

stubborn sorrow, gathering oblivion,

and my life changed suddenly:

as I became part of its pure movement.                  30

In line 4, what literary device is used in describing the sea?

Read the poem below and then answer the questions

The Sea by Pablo Neruda

I need the sea because it teaches me.

I don’t know if I learn music or awareness,

if it’s a single wave or its vast existence,

or only its harsh voice or its shining

suggestion of fishes and ships.                                  5

The fact is that until I fall asleep,

in some magnetic way I move in

the university of the waves.

It’s not simply the shells crunched

as if some shivering planet                                        10

were giving signs of its gradual death;

no, I reconstruct the day out of a fragment,

the stalactite from the sliver of salt,

and the great god out of a spoonful.

What it taught me before, I keep. It’s air                15

ceaseless wind, water and sand.

It seems a small thing for a young person,

to have come here to live with his own fire;

nevertheless, the pulse that rose

and fell in its abyss,                                                     20

the crackling of the blue cold,

the gradual wearing away of the star,

the soft unfolding of the wave

squandering snow with its foam,

the quiet power out there, sure                                 25

as a stone shrine in the depths,

replaced my world in which were growing

stubborn sorrow, gathering oblivion,

and my life changed suddenly:

as I became part of its pure movement.                  30

In line 9, what literary device is used?

Read the poem below and then answer the questions

The Sea by Pablo Neruda

I need the sea because it teaches me.

I don’t know if I learn music or awareness,

if it’s a single wave or its vast existence,

or only its harsh voice or its shining

suggestion of fishes and ships.                                  5

The fact is that until I fall asleep,

in some magnetic way I move in

the university of the waves.

It’s not simply the shells crunched

as if some shivering planet                                        10

were giving signs of its gradual death;

no, I reconstruct the day out of a fragment,

the stalactite from the sliver of salt,

and the great god out of a spoonful.

What it taught me before, I keep. It’s air                15

ceaseless wind, water and sand.

It seems a small thing for a young person,

to have come here to live with his own fire;

nevertheless, the pulse that rose

and fell in its abyss,                                                     20

the crackling of the blue cold,

the gradual wearing away of the star,

the soft unfolding of the wave

squandering snow with its foam,

the quiet power out there, sure                                 25

as a stone shrine in the depths,

replaced my world in which were growing

stubborn sorrow, gathering oblivion,

and my life changed suddenly:

as I became part of its pure movement.                  30

In line 26, what literary device is used?

Read the sentences below and match it to the correct summary sentence.

A Even with good data, it’s hard to predict tropical cyclones, which often appear with little warning and wander drunkenly around the world’s oceans. But five years ago, Olivier Bousquet, now the research director for France’s Ministry of Sustainable Development, was tasked with forecasting storms’ strengths and paths in the cyclone-infested southwest Indian Ocean. The need for better predictions was great. The area gets nine or 10 cyclones a year, and the storms are getting stronger. Tropical Cyclone Idai, in 2019, killed more than 1,000 people in Mozambique and 2014’s Gafilo killed 350 in Madagascar.

B Unlike in some other parts of the ocean—like the North Atlantic, where the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flies weather drones—Bousquet had almost no data to work with. Sure, there are satellites that spy on the ocean’s surface, but those are biased around coastlines and blind in clouds, which storms have in spades. Just a handful of floating oceanographic buoys collected temperature, depth, and salinity information where Bousquet needed it. So he set out to find a new source of data.

C For the past few decades, scientists have been using satellite-tagged animals to collect ocean data. For instance, in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica—a famously hostile area for humans, ships, and robot explorers—southern elephant seals have gathered most of the basic data we have on the water’s temperature and salinity.

D The southwest Indian Ocean, though, didn’t have any seals Bousquet could enlist. At first, Bousquet tried seabirds, like tropicbirds and puffins, but they were too lightweight for the sensors. So he turned to sturdier helpers: loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. Now here is a hardy character that can wear a 250-gram tag, travels thousands of kilometers each year, and reliably comes back to its natal beach. This homing instinct makes it easier for scientists to recover the sensor’s full suite of data, instead of just the summaries that the equipment can send to satellites over limited bandwidth while the turtle is out and about.

E Sea turtles are excellent candidates for another reason. The energy that powers a tropical cyclone comes mostly from the water. To predict if a storm will intensify, you need to know what’s going on in the ocean just below the surface, from about 25 to 200 meters depth. Sea turtles spend most of their time in exactly this layer, so their intel is perfect for tropical cyclone forecasting.

F Beyond that, tagged turtles could help climate studies by giving scientists a way to calibrate ocean models and satellite data. Moreover, turtles spend a lot of time foraging in giant ocean eddies—an oceanographic feature scientists would love to learn more about. A dense network of turtle data, if collected over the long term, could help scientists see how the structure of the ocean is changing over time at a very high resolution, Bousquet says.

G Biologists were excited about the project, too. The temperature, depth, and location data would give them a new view of the turtles’ environment, diving behavior, and movements. So, starting in January 2019, Bousquet teamed up with biologists at Kélonia—a sea turtle observatory on Réunion, a French island about 950 kilometers east of Madagascar—to release 15 tagged sea turtles. All had been accidentally caught by fishermen and healed in turtle rehab.

 H The first turtle to go out was Ilona, a loggerhead named by the fisherman who had caught her. For a few weeks, Ilona’s tag reported to the satellites 20 to 50 times per day, just as Bousquet had hoped. When Ilona got to Madagascar, though, her track stopped short. Bousquet enlisted a local NGO to investigate. They found the still-broadcasting tag … stuck to an empty shell. Ilona had been eaten.

For questions 14-19, choose from the paragraphs above (A-H).

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

14 the lack of available data for the scientist

15 why turtles can calibrate ocean models and satellite data

16 why turtles are reliable for retrieving gathered data

17 the use of animals by scientists to collect ocean data

18 the unpredictability and danger of tropical cyclones

19 the first turtle to gather data

Choose the correct answer for question number 14.

Read the sentences below and match it to the correct summary sentence.

A Even with good data, it’s hard to predict tropical cyclones, which often appear with little warning and wander drunkenly around the world’s oceans. But five years ago, Olivier Bousquet, now the research director for France’s Ministry of Sustainable Development, was tasked with forecasting storms’ strengths and paths in the cyclone-infested southwest Indian Ocean. The need for better predictions was great. The area gets nine or 10 cyclones a year, and the storms are getting stronger. Tropical Cyclone Idai, in 2019, killed more than 1,000 people in Mozambique and 2014’s Gafilo killed 350 in Madagascar.

B Unlike in some other parts of the ocean—like the North Atlantic, where the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flies weather drones—Bousquet had almost no data to work with. Sure, there are satellites that spy on the ocean’s surface, but those are biased around coastlines and blind in clouds, which storms have in spades. Just a handful of floating oceanographic buoys collected temperature, depth, and salinity information where Bousquet needed it. So he set out to find a new source of data.

C For the past few decades, scientists have been using satellite-tagged animals to collect ocean data. For instance, in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica—a famously hostile area for humans, ships, and robot explorers—southern elephant seals have gathered most of the basic data we have on the water’s temperature and salinity.

D The southwest Indian Ocean, though, didn’t have any seals Bousquet could enlist. At first, Bousquet tried seabirds, like tropicbirds and puffins, but they were too lightweight for the sensors. So he turned to sturdier helpers: loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. Now here is a hardy character that can wear a 250-gram tag, travels thousands of kilometers each year, and reliably comes back to its natal beach. This homing instinct makes it easier for scientists to recover the sensor’s full suite of data, instead of just the summaries that the equipment can send to satellites over limited bandwidth while the turtle is out and about.

E Sea turtles are excellent candidates for another reason. The energy that powers a tropical cyclone comes mostly from the water. To predict if a storm will intensify, you need to know what’s going on in the ocean just below the surface, from about 25 to 200 meters depth. Sea turtles spend most of their time in exactly this layer, so their intel is perfect for tropical cyclone forecasting.

F Beyond that, tagged turtles could help climate studies by giving scientists a way to calibrate ocean models and satellite data. Moreover, turtles spend a lot of time foraging in giant ocean eddies—an oceanographic feature scientists would love to learn more about. A dense network of turtle data, if collected over the long term, could help scientists see how the structure of the ocean is changing over time at a very high resolution, Bousquet says.

G Biologists were excited about the project, too. The temperature, depth, and location data would give them a new view of the turtles’ environment, diving behavior, and movements. So, starting in January 2019, Bousquet teamed up with biologists at Kélonia—a sea turtle observatory on Réunion, a French island about 950 kilometers east of Madagascar—to release 15 tagged sea turtles. All had been accidentally caught by fishermen and healed in turtle rehab.

 H The first turtle to go out was Ilona, a loggerhead named by the fisherman who had caught her. For a few weeks, Ilona’s tag reported to the satellites 20 to 50 times per day, just as Bousquet had hoped. When Ilona got to Madagascar, though, her track stopped short. Bousquet enlisted a local NGO to investigate. They found the still-broadcasting tag … stuck to an empty shell. Ilona had been eaten.

For questions 14-19, choose from the paragraphs above (A-H).

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

14 the lack of available data for the scientist

15 why turtles can calibrate ocean models and satellite data

16 why turtles are reliable for retrieving gathered data

17 the use of animals by scientists to collect ocean data

18 the unpredictability and danger of tropical cyclones

19 the first turtle to gather data

Choose the correct answer for question number 15.

Read the sentences below and match it to the correct summary sentence.

A Even with good data, it’s hard to predict tropical cyclones, which often appear with little warning and wander drunkenly around the world’s oceans. But five years ago, Olivier Bousquet, now the research director for France’s Ministry of Sustainable Development, was tasked with forecasting storms’ strengths and paths in the cyclone-infested southwest Indian Ocean. The need for better predictions was great. The area gets nine or 10 cyclones a year, and the storms are getting stronger. Tropical Cyclone Idai, in 2019, killed more than 1,000 people in Mozambique and 2014’s Gafilo killed 350 in Madagascar.

B Unlike in some other parts of the ocean—like the North Atlantic, where the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flies weather drones—Bousquet had almost no data to work with. Sure, there are satellites that spy on the ocean’s surface, but those are biased around coastlines and blind in clouds, which storms have in spades. Just a handful of floating oceanographic buoys collected temperature, depth, and salinity information where Bousquet needed it. So he set out to find a new source of data.

C For the past few decades, scientists have been using satellite-tagged animals to collect ocean data. For instance, in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica—a famously hostile area for humans, ships, and robot explorers—southern elephant seals have gathered most of the basic data we have on the water’s temperature and salinity.

D The southwest Indian Ocean, though, didn’t have any seals Bousquet could enlist. At first, Bousquet tried seabirds, like tropicbirds and puffins, but they were too lightweight for the sensors. So he turned to sturdier helpers: loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. Now here is a hardy character that can wear a 250-gram tag, travels thousands of kilometers each year, and reliably comes back to its natal beach. This homing instinct makes it easier for scientists to recover the sensor’s full suite of data, instead of just the summaries that the equipment can send to satellites over limited bandwidth while the turtle is out and about.

E Sea turtles are excellent candidates for another reason. The energy that powers a tropical cyclone comes mostly from the water. To predict if a storm will intensify, you need to know what’s going on in the ocean just below the surface, from about 25 to 200 meters depth. Sea turtles spend most of their time in exactly this layer, so their intel is perfect for tropical cyclone forecasting.

F Beyond that, tagged turtles could help climate studies by giving scientists a way to calibrate ocean models and satellite data. Moreover, turtles spend a lot of time foraging in giant ocean eddies—an oceanographic feature scientists would love to learn more about. A dense network of turtle data, if collected over the long term, could help scientists see how the structure of the ocean is changing over time at a very high resolution, Bousquet says.

G Biologists were excited about the project, too. The temperature, depth, and location data would give them a new view of the turtles’ environment, diving behavior, and movements. So, starting in January 2019, Bousquet teamed up with biologists at Kélonia—a sea turtle observatory on Réunion, a French island about 950 kilometers east of Madagascar—to release 15 tagged sea turtles. All had been accidentally caught by fishermen and healed in turtle rehab.

 H The first turtle to go out was Ilona, a loggerhead named by the fisherman who had caught her. For a few weeks, Ilona’s tag reported to the satellites 20 to 50 times per day, just as Bousquet had hoped. When Ilona got to Madagascar, though, her track stopped short. Bousquet enlisted a local NGO to investigate. They found the still-broadcasting tag … stuck to an empty shell. Ilona had been eaten.

For questions 14-19, choose from the paragraphs above (A-H).

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

14 the lack of available data for the scientist

15 why turtles can calibrate ocean models and satellite data

16 why turtles are reliable for retrieving gathered data

17 the use of animals by scientists to collect ocean data

18 the unpredictability and danger of tropical cyclones

19 the first turtle to gather data

Choose the correct answer for question number 16.

Read the sentences below and match it to the correct summary sentence.

A Even with good data, it’s hard to predict tropical cyclones, which often appear with little warning and wander drunkenly around the world’s oceans. But five years ago, Olivier Bousquet, now the research director for France’s Ministry of Sustainable Development, was tasked with forecasting storms’ strengths and paths in the cyclone-infested southwest Indian Ocean. The need for better predictions was great. The area gets nine or 10 cyclones a year, and the storms are getting stronger. Tropical Cyclone Idai, in 2019, killed more than 1,000 people in Mozambique and 2014’s Gafilo killed 350 in Madagascar.

B Unlike in some other parts of the ocean—like the North Atlantic, where the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flies weather drones—Bousquet had almost no data to work with. Sure, there are satellites that spy on the ocean’s surface, but those are biased around coastlines and blind in clouds, which storms have in spades. Just a handful of floating oceanographic buoys collected temperature, depth, and salinity information where Bousquet needed it. So he set out to find a new source of data.

C For the past few decades, scientists have been using satellite-tagged animals to collect ocean data. For instance, in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica—a famously hostile area for humans, ships, and robot explorers—southern elephant seals have gathered most of the basic data we have on the water’s temperature and salinity.

D The southwest Indian Ocean, though, didn’t have any seals Bousquet could enlist. At first, Bousquet tried seabirds, like tropicbirds and puffins, but they were too lightweight for the sensors. So he turned to sturdier helpers: loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. Now here is a hardy character that can wear a 250-gram tag, travels thousands of kilometers each year, and reliably comes back to its natal beach. This homing instinct makes it easier for scientists to recover the sensor’s full suite of data, instead of just the summaries that the equipment can send to satellites over limited bandwidth while the turtle is out and about.

E Sea turtles are excellent candidates for another reason. The energy that powers a tropical cyclone comes mostly from the water. To predict if a storm will intensify, you need to know what’s going on in the ocean just below the surface, from about 25 to 200 meters depth. Sea turtles spend most of their time in exactly this layer, so their intel is perfect for tropical cyclone forecasting.

F Beyond that, tagged turtles could help climate studies by giving scientists a way to calibrate ocean models and satellite data. Moreover, turtles spend a lot of time foraging in giant ocean eddies—an oceanographic feature scientists would love to learn more about. A dense network of turtle data, if collected over the long term, could help scientists see how the structure of the ocean is changing over time at a very high resolution, Bousquet says.

G Biologists were excited about the project, too. The temperature, depth, and location data would give them a new view of the turtles’ environment, diving behavior, and movements. So, starting in January 2019, Bousquet teamed up with biologists at Kélonia—a sea turtle observatory on Réunion, a French island about 950 kilometers east of Madagascar—to release 15 tagged sea turtles. All had been accidentally caught by fishermen and healed in turtle rehab.

 H The first turtle to go out was Ilona, a loggerhead named by the fisherman who had caught her. For a few weeks, Ilona’s tag reported to the satellites 20 to 50 times per day, just as Bousquet had hoped. When Ilona got to Madagascar, though, her track stopped short. Bousquet enlisted a local NGO to investigate. They found the still-broadcasting tag … stuck to an empty shell. Ilona had been eaten.

For questions 14-19, choose from the paragraphs above (A-H).

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

14 the lack of available data for the scientist

15 why turtles can calibrate ocean models and satellite data

16 why turtles are reliable for retrieving gathered data

17 the use of animals by scientists to collect ocean data

18 the unpredictability and danger of tropical cyclones

19 the first turtle to gather data

Choose the correct answer for question number 17.

Read the sentences below and match it to the correct summary sentence.

A Even with good data, it’s hard to predict tropical cyclones, which often appear with little warning and wander drunkenly around the world’s oceans. But five years ago, Olivier Bousquet, now the research director for France’s Ministry of Sustainable Development, was tasked with forecasting storms’ strengths and paths in the cyclone-infested southwest Indian Ocean. The need for better predictions was great. The area gets nine or 10 cyclones a year, and the storms are getting stronger. Tropical Cyclone Idai, in 2019, killed more than 1,000 people in Mozambique and 2014’s Gafilo killed 350 in Madagascar.

B Unlike in some other parts of the ocean—like the North Atlantic, where the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flies weather drones—Bousquet had almost no data to work with. Sure, there are satellites that spy on the ocean’s surface, but those are biased around coastlines and blind in clouds, which storms have in spades. Just a handful of floating oceanographic buoys collected temperature, depth, and salinity information where Bousquet needed it. So he set out to find a new source of data.

C For the past few decades, scientists have been using satellite-tagged animals to collect ocean data. For instance, in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica—a famously hostile area for humans, ships, and robot explorers—southern elephant seals have gathered most of the basic data we have on the water’s temperature and salinity.

D The southwest Indian Ocean, though, didn’t have any seals Bousquet could enlist. At first, Bousquet tried seabirds, like tropicbirds and puffins, but they were too lightweight for the sensors. So he turned to sturdier helpers: loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. Now here is a hardy character that can wear a 250-gram tag, travels thousands of kilometers each year, and reliably comes back to its natal beach. This homing instinct makes it easier for scientists to recover the sensor’s full suite of data, instead of just the summaries that the equipment can send to satellites over limited bandwidth while the turtle is out and about.

E Sea turtles are excellent candidates for another reason. The energy that powers a tropical cyclone comes mostly from the water. To predict if a storm will intensify, you need to know what’s going on in the ocean just below the surface, from about 25 to 200 meters depth. Sea turtles spend most of their time in exactly this layer, so their intel is perfect for tropical cyclone forecasting.

F Beyond that, tagged turtles could help climate studies by giving scientists a way to calibrate ocean models and satellite data. Moreover, turtles spend a lot of time foraging in giant ocean eddies—an oceanographic feature scientists would love to learn more about. A dense network of turtle data, if collected over the long term, could help scientists see how the structure of the ocean is changing over time at a very high resolution, Bousquet says.

G Biologists were excited about the project, too. The temperature, depth, and location data would give them a new view of the turtles’ environment, diving behavior, and movements. So, starting in January 2019, Bousquet teamed up with biologists at Kélonia—a sea turtle observatory on Réunion, a French island about 950 kilometers east of Madagascar—to release 15 tagged sea turtles. All had been accidentally caught by fishermen and healed in turtle rehab.

 H The first turtle to go out was Ilona, a loggerhead named by the fisherman who had caught her. For a few weeks, Ilona’s tag reported to the satellites 20 to 50 times per day, just as Bousquet had hoped. When Ilona got to Madagascar, though, her track stopped short. Bousquet enlisted a local NGO to investigate. They found the still-broadcasting tag … stuck to an empty shell. Ilona had been eaten.

For questions 14-19, choose from the paragraphs above (A-H).

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

14 the lack of available data for the scientist

15 why turtles can calibrate ocean models and satellite data

16 why turtles are reliable for retrieving gathered data

17 the use of animals by scientists to collect ocean data

18 the unpredictability and danger of tropical cyclones

19 the first turtle to gather data

Choose the correct answer for question number 18.

Read the sentences below and match it to the correct summary sentence.

A Even with good data, it’s hard to predict tropical cyclones, which often appear with little warning and wander drunkenly around the world’s oceans. But five years ago, Olivier Bousquet, now the research director for France’s Ministry of Sustainable Development, was tasked with forecasting storms’ strengths and paths in the cyclone-infested southwest Indian Ocean. The need for better predictions was great. The area gets nine or 10 cyclones a year, and the storms are getting stronger. Tropical Cyclone Idai, in 2019, killed more than 1,000 people in Mozambique and 2014’s Gafilo killed 350 in Madagascar.

B Unlike in some other parts of the ocean—like the North Atlantic, where the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration flies weather drones—Bousquet had almost no data to work with. Sure, there are satellites that spy on the ocean’s surface, but those are biased around coastlines and blind in clouds, which storms have in spades. Just a handful of floating oceanographic buoys collected temperature, depth, and salinity information where Bousquet needed it. So he set out to find a new source of data.

C For the past few decades, scientists have been using satellite-tagged animals to collect ocean data. For instance, in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica—a famously hostile area for humans, ships, and robot explorers—southern elephant seals have gathered most of the basic data we have on the water’s temperature and salinity.

D The southwest Indian Ocean, though, didn’t have any seals Bousquet could enlist. At first, Bousquet tried seabirds, like tropicbirds and puffins, but they were too lightweight for the sensors. So he turned to sturdier helpers: loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles. Now here is a hardy character that can wear a 250-gram tag, travels thousands of kilometers each year, and reliably comes back to its natal beach. This homing instinct makes it easier for scientists to recover the sensor’s full suite of data, instead of just the summaries that the equipment can send to satellites over limited bandwidth while the turtle is out and about.

E Sea turtles are excellent candidates for another reason. The energy that powers a tropical cyclone comes mostly from the water. To predict if a storm will intensify, you need to know what’s going on in the ocean just below the surface, from about 25 to 200 meters depth. Sea turtles spend most of their time in exactly this layer, so their intel is perfect for tropical cyclone forecasting.

F Beyond that, tagged turtles could help climate studies by giving scientists a way to calibrate ocean models and satellite data. Moreover, turtles spend a lot of time foraging in giant ocean eddies—an oceanographic feature scientists would love to learn more about. A dense network of turtle data, if collected over the long term, could help scientists see how the structure of the ocean is changing over time at a very high resolution, Bousquet says.

G Biologists were excited about the project, too. The temperature, depth, and location data would give them a new view of the turtles’ environment, diving behavior, and movements. So, starting in January 2019, Bousquet teamed up with biologists at Kélonia—a sea turtle observatory on Réunion, a French island about 950 kilometers east of Madagascar—to release 15 tagged sea turtles. All had been accidentally caught by fishermen and healed in turtle rehab.

 H The first turtle to go out was Ilona, a loggerhead named by the fisherman who had caught her. For a few weeks, Ilona’s tag reported to the satellites 20 to 50 times per day, just as Bousquet had hoped. When Ilona got to Madagascar, though, her track stopped short. Bousquet enlisted a local NGO to investigate. They found the still-broadcasting tag … stuck to an empty shell. Ilona had been eaten.

For questions 14-19, choose from the paragraphs above (A-H).

Which paragraph contains the following information? 

14 the lack of available data for the scientist

15 why turtles can calibrate ocean models and satellite data

16 why turtles are reliable for retrieving gathered data

17 the use of animals by scientists to collect ocean data

18 the unpredictability and danger of tropical cyclones

19 the first turtle to gather data

Choose the correct answer for question number 19.

Read the extracts below then answer the questions. 

EXTRACT A: from Dilemma by Corey Melin

Stewie huffed, then turned to a mirror. “Why are you here?”

Mike was about to speak, but abruptly clamped his mouth shut. He scratched his head, then the whiskers on his chin as he tried to remember why he came to see Stewie.

“If you have nothing to say, can you please leave so I can continue to groom myself,” said Stewie as he grabbed his tweezers to pluck out his nose hairs.

Mike gave up and was about to turn around when the lightbulb came back on.

“Your father has disappeared!” Mike blurted out.

“He always disappears,” Stewie casually said.

“For an entire month?”

Stewie put his tweezers down and looked at Mike. “Didn’t his guards go with him?”

“They are missing too.”

Stewie remained silent for a while as he tried to process the situation. For his standing in the village, there wasn’t much asked of him. Most of the time he just sat in his little hut, doing very little, including thinking.

“What is the dilemma?” Stewie asked.

“The dilemma is that since your father is missing, you are now in charge of the village,” said Mike.

Stewie leaped up and quickly went to Mike. “What do you mean, I’m in charge? I have no interest in being in charge.”

“That is the dilemma.”

“What about my brother and sisters?” Stewie frantically stated.

“A giant catfish swallowed your brother, George. You remember the one he tried to make as his pet?

“Oh yeah! It probably wouldn’t have happened if it became my pet first.”

“Possibly. You were trying to become friends with that talking dragon. Turns out to be a safer route than the catfish.”

“I wouldn’t say receiving a burnt butt is the safer route.”

“You are still alive,” said Mike with a smile.

“I will give you that,” Stewie remarked, as he went back to his chair. “What about my sister?”

“You don’t have a sister.”

“I don’t? What about Clarissa I played with dolls all the time?”

“I have told you many times that she is not your sister. She is your friend. That is what your father told me before he disappeared.”

“How many times have you asked him?” Stewie asked with a grin.

“Does it matter?”

“Everything matters to me.”

“A dozen times,” said Mike.

Stewie laughed at his friend, who was red in the face.

“I don’t have any relatives to take charge?” Stewie asked with concern.

“Nope.”

“Oh my,” said Stewie, as he ran his hand through his hair. “This is quite the dilemma.”

“Do you have a clue how to run a village?” asked Mike.

“I don’t have a clue. Father never taught me.”

EXTRACT B: from Too Many Choices by Gary Crawford

TOO MANY CHOICES

In the early days of fast food establishments, things were simple. Most burger stands offered just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, soda, and milkshakes. That was it. And it was all you needed.  Even the buildings were simple, most just small stands with windows to place and receive your orders, with just an enclosure for a kitchen. You sat on an outside bench to eat, or in your car. Think of drive-ins without carhops.

Before long, more choices were on the menu. Bigger fancier double burgers, secret sauce, chicken and fish sandwiches, coffee and tea, then breakfast sandwiches. The simple stands were being rebuilt into sit-down restaurants, all the while adding menu items. Big menu boards hung behind the counter showing so many different items.

Bewildering. You thought you knew what you wanted. What is that sandwich? When did they start offering these new things? Can I still get a plain old cheeseburger?

Small medium and large. Super-size me. Eight different versions of what was once a simple burger. Chicken. Fish. Seasonal sandwiches like BBQ pork. Kid’s meal combos.

One chain offers a “Big” sandwich and meal. The other chain offers something similar, called a “Super”.

Health issues arise and business slows down. For a little while, until they offer “healthy” choices, such as salads and natural fruit drinks.

Now you stare at huge TV screen menu boards, wondering what to have. You thought you knew what you wanted. You, and a few others, gawk blankly at the menu while the counter people try to get someone to place an order.

The most popular sandwiches were once already made just minutes ago, waiting to be placed in a bag or on a tray, truly fast food. They moved quickly so plenty were ready to go. With so many menu choices, they don’t do that anymore, so your “fast food” is now more second-gear “medium” speed. They call this “fresh cooked to your order”.

In a similar vein, how do diners manage to carry everything listed in their ten-page menus? I can see fast movers, like bacon and eggs, and burgers; easy to keep inventoried fresh. But what about less-popular items, such as liver?

I’ve always enjoyed liver and onions with bacon, a family favorite for years. It’s something I order frequently at a local diner. Since most people I know claim to hate liver, how can they keep an inventory of something that doesn’t really sell? Do they keep it frozen and quick-nuke it before cooking, or is it waiting in the refrigerator? How long can they keep it before it has to be thrown out?

Ten pages of menu items. I wonder what the turnover in fresh food items might be. So many meat products have a very short shelf life. Is there a lot of “spoilage”? Is today’s featured soup actually “Cream of Yesterday’s Special”?

 In Extract A, why did Mike initially shut his mouth and scratched his head?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions. 

EXTRACT A: from Dilemma by Corey Melin

Stewie huffed, then turned to a mirror. “Why are you here?”

Mike was about to speak, but abruptly clamped his mouth shut. He scratched his head, then the whiskers on his chin as he tried to remember why he came to see Stewie.

“If you have nothing to say, can you please leave so I can continue to groom myself,” said Stewie as he grabbed his tweezers to pluck out his nose hairs.

Mike gave up and was about to turn around when the lightbulb came back on.

“Your father has disappeared!” Mike blurted out.

“He always disappears,” Stewie casually said.

“For an entire month?”

Stewie put his tweezers down and looked at Mike. “Didn’t his guards go with him?”

“They are missing too.”

Stewie remained silent for a while as he tried to process the situation. For his standing in the village, there wasn’t much asked of him. Most of the time he just sat in his little hut, doing very little, including thinking.

“What is the dilemma?” Stewie asked.

“The dilemma is that since your father is missing, you are now in charge of the village,” said Mike.

Stewie leaped up and quickly went to Mike. “What do you mean, I’m in charge? I have no interest in being in charge.”

“That is the dilemma.”

“What about my brother and sisters?” Stewie frantically stated.

“A giant catfish swallowed your brother, George. You remember the one he tried to make as his pet?

“Oh yeah! It probably wouldn’t have happened if it became my pet first.”

“Possibly. You were trying to become friends with that talking dragon. Turns out to be a safer route than the catfish.”

“I wouldn’t say receiving a burnt butt is the safer route.”

“You are still alive,” said Mike with a smile.

“I will give you that,” Stewie remarked, as he went back to his chair. “What about my sister?”

“You don’t have a sister.”

“I don’t? What about Clarissa I played with dolls all the time?”

“I have told you many times that she is not your sister. She is your friend. That is what your father told me before he disappeared.”

“How many times have you asked him?” Stewie asked with a grin.

“Does it matter?”

“Everything matters to me.”

“A dozen times,” said Mike.

Stewie laughed at his friend, who was red in the face.

“I don’t have any relatives to take charge?” Stewie asked with concern.

“Nope.”

“Oh my,” said Stewie, as he ran his hand through his hair. “This is quite the dilemma.”

“Do you have a clue how to run a village?” asked Mike.

“I don’t have a clue. Father never taught me.”

EXTRACT B: from Too Many Choices by Gary Crawford

TOO MANY CHOICES

In the early days of fast food establishments, things were simple. Most burger stands offered just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, soda, and milkshakes. That was it. And it was all you needed.  Even the buildings were simple, most just small stands with windows to place and receive your orders, with just an enclosure for a kitchen. You sat on an outside bench to eat, or in your car. Think of drive-ins without carhops.

Before long, more choices were on the menu. Bigger fancier double burgers, secret sauce, chicken and fish sandwiches, coffee and tea, then breakfast sandwiches. The simple stands were being rebuilt into sit-down restaurants, all the while adding menu items. Big menu boards hung behind the counter showing so many different items.

Bewildering. You thought you knew what you wanted. What is that sandwich? When did they start offering these new things? Can I still get a plain old cheeseburger?

Small medium and large. Super-size me. Eight different versions of what was once a simple burger. Chicken. Fish. Seasonal sandwiches like BBQ pork. Kid’s meal combos.

One chain offers a “Big” sandwich and meal. The other chain offers something similar, called a “Super”.

Health issues arise and business slows down. For a little while, until they offer “healthy” choices, such as salads and natural fruit drinks.

Now you stare at huge TV screen menu boards, wondering what to have. You thought you knew what you wanted. You, and a few others, gawk blankly at the menu while the counter people try to get someone to place an order.

The most popular sandwiches were once already made just minutes ago, waiting to be placed in a bag or on a tray, truly fast food. They moved quickly so plenty were ready to go. With so many menu choices, they don’t do that anymore, so your “fast food” is now more second-gear “medium” speed. They call this “fresh cooked to your order”.

In a similar vein, how do diners manage to carry everything listed in their ten-page menus? I can see fast movers, like bacon and eggs, and burgers; easy to keep inventoried fresh. But what about less-popular items, such as liver?

I’ve always enjoyed liver and onions with bacon, a family favorite for years. It’s something I order frequently at a local diner. Since most people I know claim to hate liver, how can they keep an inventory of something that doesn’t really sell? Do they keep it frozen and quick-nuke it before cooking, or is it waiting in the refrigerator? How long can they keep it before it has to be thrown out?

Ten pages of menu items. I wonder what the turnover in fresh food items might be. So many meat products have a very short shelf life. Is there a lot of “spoilage”? Is today’s featured soup actually “Cream of Yesterday’s Special”?

In Extract A, what can we conclude about Stewie’s father?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions. 

EXTRACT A: from Dilemma by Corey Melin

Stewie huffed, then turned to a mirror. “Why are you here?”

Mike was about to speak, but abruptly clamped his mouth shut. He scratched his head, then the whiskers on his chin as he tried to remember why he came to see Stewie.

“If you have nothing to say, can you please leave so I can continue to groom myself,” said Stewie as he grabbed his tweezers to pluck out his nose hairs.

Mike gave up and was about to turn around when the lightbulb came back on.

“Your father has disappeared!” Mike blurted out.

“He always disappears,” Stewie casually said.

“For an entire month?”

Stewie put his tweezers down and looked at Mike. “Didn’t his guards go with him?”

“They are missing too.”

Stewie remained silent for a while as he tried to process the situation. For his standing in the village, there wasn’t much asked of him. Most of the time he just sat in his little hut, doing very little, including thinking.

“What is the dilemma?” Stewie asked.

“The dilemma is that since your father is missing, you are now in charge of the village,” said Mike.

Stewie leaped up and quickly went to Mike. “What do you mean, I’m in charge? I have no interest in being in charge.”

“That is the dilemma.”

“What about my brother and sisters?” Stewie frantically stated.

“A giant catfish swallowed your brother, George. You remember the one he tried to make as his pet?

“Oh yeah! It probably wouldn’t have happened if it became my pet first.”

“Possibly. You were trying to become friends with that talking dragon. Turns out to be a safer route than the catfish.”

“I wouldn’t say receiving a burnt butt is the safer route.”

“You are still alive,” said Mike with a smile.

“I will give you that,” Stewie remarked, as he went back to his chair. “What about my sister?”

“You don’t have a sister.”

“I don’t? What about Clarissa I played with dolls all the time?”

“I have told you many times that she is not your sister. She is your friend. That is what your father told me before he disappeared.”

“How many times have you asked him?” Stewie asked with a grin.

“Does it matter?”

“Everything matters to me.”

“A dozen times,” said Mike.

Stewie laughed at his friend, who was red in the face.

“I don’t have any relatives to take charge?” Stewie asked with concern.

“Nope.”

“Oh my,” said Stewie, as he ran his hand through his hair. “This is quite the dilemma.”

“Do you have a clue how to run a village?” asked Mike.

“I don’t have a clue. Father never taught me.”

EXTRACT B: from Too Many Choices by Gary Crawford

TOO MANY CHOICES

In the early days of fast food establishments, things were simple. Most burger stands offered just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, soda, and milkshakes. That was it. And it was all you needed.  Even the buildings were simple, most just small stands with windows to place and receive your orders, with just an enclosure for a kitchen. You sat on an outside bench to eat, or in your car. Think of drive-ins without carhops.

Before long, more choices were on the menu. Bigger fancier double burgers, secret sauce, chicken and fish sandwiches, coffee and tea, then breakfast sandwiches. The simple stands were being rebuilt into sit-down restaurants, all the while adding menu items. Big menu boards hung behind the counter showing so many different items.

Bewildering. You thought you knew what you wanted. What is that sandwich? When did they start offering these new things? Can I still get a plain old cheeseburger?

Small medium and large. Super-size me. Eight different versions of what was once a simple burger. Chicken. Fish. Seasonal sandwiches like BBQ pork. Kid’s meal combos.

One chain offers a “Big” sandwich and meal. The other chain offers something similar, called a “Super”.

Health issues arise and business slows down. For a little while, until they offer “healthy” choices, such as salads and natural fruit drinks.

Now you stare at huge TV screen menu boards, wondering what to have. You thought you knew what you wanted. You, and a few others, gawk blankly at the menu while the counter people try to get someone to place an order.

The most popular sandwiches were once already made just minutes ago, waiting to be placed in a bag or on a tray, truly fast food. They moved quickly so plenty were ready to go. With so many menu choices, they don’t do that anymore, so your “fast food” is now more second-gear “medium” speed. They call this “fresh cooked to your order”.

In a similar vein, how do diners manage to carry everything listed in their ten-page menus? I can see fast movers, like bacon and eggs, and burgers; easy to keep inventoried fresh. But what about less-popular items, such as liver?

I’ve always enjoyed liver and onions with bacon, a family favorite for years. It’s something I order frequently at a local diner. Since most people I know claim to hate liver, how can they keep an inventory of something that doesn’t really sell? Do they keep it frozen and quick-nuke it before cooking, or is it waiting in the refrigerator? How long can they keep it before it has to be thrown out?

Ten pages of menu items. I wonder what the turnover in fresh food items might be. So many meat products have a very short shelf life. Is there a lot of “spoilage”? Is today’s featured soup actually “Cream of Yesterday’s Special”?

In Extract B, why were old fast food establishments seen as simpler by the narrator?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions. 

EXTRACT A: from Dilemma by Corey Melin

Stewie huffed, then turned to a mirror. “Why are you here?”

Mike was about to speak, but abruptly clamped his mouth shut. He scratched his head, then the whiskers on his chin as he tried to remember why he came to see Stewie.

“If you have nothing to say, can you please leave so I can continue to groom myself,” said Stewie as he grabbed his tweezers to pluck out his nose hairs.

Mike gave up and was about to turn around when the lightbulb came back on.

“Your father has disappeared!” Mike blurted out.

“He always disappears,” Stewie casually said.

“For an entire month?”

Stewie put his tweezers down and looked at Mike. “Didn’t his guards go with him?”

“They are missing too.”

Stewie remained silent for a while as he tried to process the situation. For his standing in the village, there wasn’t much asked of him. Most of the time he just sat in his little hut, doing very little, including thinking.

“What is the dilemma?” Stewie asked.

“The dilemma is that since your father is missing, you are now in charge of the village,” said Mike.

Stewie leaped up and quickly went to Mike. “What do you mean, I’m in charge? I have no interest in being in charge.”

“That is the dilemma.”

“What about my brother and sisters?” Stewie frantically stated.

“A giant catfish swallowed your brother, George. You remember the one he tried to make as his pet?

“Oh yeah! It probably wouldn’t have happened if it became my pet first.”

“Possibly. You were trying to become friends with that talking dragon. Turns out to be a safer route than the catfish.”

“I wouldn’t say receiving a burnt butt is the safer route.”

“You are still alive,” said Mike with a smile.

“I will give you that,” Stewie remarked, as he went back to his chair. “What about my sister?”

“You don’t have a sister.”

“I don’t? What about Clarissa I played with dolls all the time?”

“I have told you many times that she is not your sister. She is your friend. That is what your father told me before he disappeared.”

“How many times have you asked him?” Stewie asked with a grin.

“Does it matter?”

“Everything matters to me.”

“A dozen times,” said Mike.

Stewie laughed at his friend, who was red in the face.

“I don’t have any relatives to take charge?” Stewie asked with concern.

“Nope.”

“Oh my,” said Stewie, as he ran his hand through his hair. “This is quite the dilemma.”

“Do you have a clue how to run a village?” asked Mike.

“I don’t have a clue. Father never taught me.”

EXTRACT B: from Too Many Choices by Gary Crawford

TOO MANY CHOICES

In the early days of fast food establishments, things were simple. Most burger stands offered just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, soda, and milkshakes. That was it. And it was all you needed.  Even the buildings were simple, most just small stands with windows to place and receive your orders, with just an enclosure for a kitchen. You sat on an outside bench to eat, or in your car. Think of drive-ins without carhops.

Before long, more choices were on the menu. Bigger fancier double burgers, secret sauce, chicken and fish sandwiches, coffee and tea, then breakfast sandwiches. The simple stands were being rebuilt into sit-down restaurants, all the while adding menu items. Big menu boards hung behind the counter showing so many different items.

Bewildering. You thought you knew what you wanted. What is that sandwich? When did they start offering these new things? Can I still get a plain old cheeseburger?

Small medium and large. Super-size me. Eight different versions of what was once a simple burger. Chicken. Fish. Seasonal sandwiches like BBQ pork. Kid’s meal combos.

One chain offers a “Big” sandwich and meal. The other chain offers something similar, called a “Super”.

Health issues arise and business slows down. For a little while, until they offer “healthy” choices, such as salads and natural fruit drinks.

Now you stare at huge TV screen menu boards, wondering what to have. You thought you knew what you wanted. You, and a few others, gawk blankly at the menu while the counter people try to get someone to place an order.

The most popular sandwiches were once already made just minutes ago, waiting to be placed in a bag or on a tray, truly fast food. They moved quickly so plenty were ready to go. With so many menu choices, they don’t do that anymore, so your “fast food” is now more second-gear “medium” speed. They call this “fresh cooked to your order”.

In a similar vein, how do diners manage to carry everything listed in their ten-page menus? I can see fast movers, like bacon and eggs, and burgers; easy to keep inventoried fresh. But what about less-popular items, such as liver?

I’ve always enjoyed liver and onions with bacon, a family favorite for years. It’s something I order frequently at a local diner. Since most people I know claim to hate liver, how can they keep an inventory of something that doesn’t really sell? Do they keep it frozen and quick-nuke it before cooking, or is it waiting in the refrigerator? How long can they keep it before it has to be thrown out?

Ten pages of menu items. I wonder what the turnover in fresh food items might be. So many meat products have a very short shelf life. Is there a lot of “spoilage”? Is today’s featured soup actually “Cream of Yesterday’s Special”?

In Extract B, why were popular sandwiches delivered faster?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions. 

EXTRACT A: from Dilemma by Corey Melin

Stewie huffed, then turned to a mirror. “Why are you here?”

Mike was about to speak, but abruptly clamped his mouth shut. He scratched his head, then the whiskers on his chin as he tried to remember why he came to see Stewie.

“If you have nothing to say, can you please leave so I can continue to groom myself,” said Stewie as he grabbed his tweezers to pluck out his nose hairs.

Mike gave up and was about to turn around when the lightbulb came back on.

“Your father has disappeared!” Mike blurted out.

“He always disappears,” Stewie casually said.

“For an entire month?”

Stewie put his tweezers down and looked at Mike. “Didn’t his guards go with him?”

“They are missing too.”

Stewie remained silent for a while as he tried to process the situation. For his standing in the village, there wasn’t much asked of him. Most of the time he just sat in his little hut, doing very little, including thinking.

“What is the dilemma?” Stewie asked.

“The dilemma is that since your father is missing, you are now in charge of the village,” said Mike.

Stewie leaped up and quickly went to Mike. “What do you mean, I’m in charge? I have no interest in being in charge.”

“That is the dilemma.”

“What about my brother and sisters?” Stewie frantically stated.

“A giant catfish swallowed your brother, George. You remember the one he tried to make as his pet?

“Oh yeah! It probably wouldn’t have happened if it became my pet first.”

“Possibly. You were trying to become friends with that talking dragon. Turns out to be a safer route than the catfish.”

“I wouldn’t say receiving a burnt butt is the safer route.”

“You are still alive,” said Mike with a smile.

“I will give you that,” Stewie remarked, as he went back to his chair. “What about my sister?”

“You don’t have a sister.”

“I don’t? What about Clarissa I played with dolls all the time?”

“I have told you many times that she is not your sister. She is your friend. That is what your father told me before he disappeared.”

“How many times have you asked him?” Stewie asked with a grin.

“Does it matter?”

“Everything matters to me.”

“A dozen times,” said Mike.

Stewie laughed at his friend, who was red in the face.

“I don’t have any relatives to take charge?” Stewie asked with concern.

“Nope.”

“Oh my,” said Stewie, as he ran his hand through his hair. “This is quite the dilemma.”

“Do you have a clue how to run a village?” asked Mike.

“I don’t have a clue. Father never taught me.”

EXTRACT B: from Too Many Choices by Gary Crawford

TOO MANY CHOICES

In the early days of fast food establishments, things were simple. Most burger stands offered just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, soda, and milkshakes. That was it. And it was all you needed.  Even the buildings were simple, most just small stands with windows to place and receive your orders, with just an enclosure for a kitchen. You sat on an outside bench to eat, or in your car. Think of drive-ins without carhops.

Before long, more choices were on the menu. Bigger fancier double burgers, secret sauce, chicken and fish sandwiches, coffee and tea, then breakfast sandwiches. The simple stands were being rebuilt into sit-down restaurants, all the while adding menu items. Big menu boards hung behind the counter showing so many different items.

Bewildering. You thought you knew what you wanted. What is that sandwich? When did they start offering these new things? Can I still get a plain old cheeseburger?

Small medium and large. Super-size me. Eight different versions of what was once a simple burger. Chicken. Fish. Seasonal sandwiches like BBQ pork. Kid’s meal combos.

One chain offers a “Big” sandwich and meal. The other chain offers something similar, called a “Super”.

Health issues arise and business slows down. For a little while, until they offer “healthy” choices, such as salads and natural fruit drinks.

Now you stare at huge TV screen menu boards, wondering what to have. You thought you knew what you wanted. You, and a few others, gawk blankly at the menu while the counter people try to get someone to place an order.

The most popular sandwiches were once already made just minutes ago, waiting to be placed in a bag or on a tray, truly fast food. They moved quickly so plenty were ready to go. With so many menu choices, they don’t do that anymore, so your “fast food” is now more second-gear “medium” speed. They call this “fresh cooked to your order”.

In a similar vein, how do diners manage to carry everything listed in their ten-page menus? I can see fast movers, like bacon and eggs, and burgers; easy to keep inventoried fresh. But what about less-popular items, such as liver?

I’ve always enjoyed liver and onions with bacon, a family favorite for years. It’s something I order frequently at a local diner. Since most people I know claim to hate liver, how can they keep an inventory of something that doesn’t really sell? Do they keep it frozen and quick-nuke it before cooking, or is it waiting in the refrigerator? How long can they keep it before it has to be thrown out?

Ten pages of menu items. I wonder what the turnover in fresh food items might be. So many meat products have a very short shelf life. Is there a lot of “spoilage”? Is today’s featured soup actually “Cream of Yesterday’s Special”?

In Extract B, what is the narrator’s sentiment towards modern fast food establishments?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions. 

EXTRACT A: from Dilemma by Corey Melin

Stewie huffed, then turned to a mirror. “Why are you here?”

Mike was about to speak, but abruptly clamped his mouth shut. He scratched his head, then the whiskers on his chin as he tried to remember why he came to see Stewie.

“If you have nothing to say, can you please leave so I can continue to groom myself,” said Stewie as he grabbed his tweezers to pluck out his nose hairs.

Mike gave up and was about to turn around when the lightbulb came back on.

“Your father has disappeared!” Mike blurted out.

“He always disappears,” Stewie casually said.

“For an entire month?”

Stewie put his tweezers down and looked at Mike. “Didn’t his guards go with him?”

“They are missing too.”

Stewie remained silent for a while as he tried to process the situation. For his standing in the village, there wasn’t much asked of him. Most of the time he just sat in his little hut, doing very little, including thinking.

“What is the dilemma?” Stewie asked.

“The dilemma is that since your father is missing, you are now in charge of the village,” said Mike.

Stewie leaped up and quickly went to Mike. “What do you mean, I’m in charge? I have no interest in being in charge.”

“That is the dilemma.”

“What about my brother and sisters?” Stewie frantically stated.

“A giant catfish swallowed your brother, George. You remember the one he tried to make as his pet?

“Oh yeah! It probably wouldn’t have happened if it became my pet first.”

“Possibly. You were trying to become friends with that talking dragon. Turns out to be a safer route than the catfish.”

“I wouldn’t say receiving a burnt butt is the safer route.”

“You are still alive,” said Mike with a smile.

“I will give you that,” Stewie remarked, as he went back to his chair. “What about my sister?”

“You don’t have a sister.”

“I don’t? What about Clarissa I played with dolls all the time?”

“I have told you many times that she is not your sister. She is your friend. That is what your father told me before he disappeared.”

“How many times have you asked him?” Stewie asked with a grin.

“Does it matter?”

“Everything matters to me.”

“A dozen times,” said Mike.

Stewie laughed at his friend, who was red in the face.

“I don’t have any relatives to take charge?” Stewie asked with concern.

“Nope.”

“Oh my,” said Stewie, as he ran his hand through his hair. “This is quite the dilemma.”

“Do you have a clue how to run a village?” asked Mike.

“I don’t have a clue. Father never taught me.”

EXTRACT B: from Too Many Choices by Gary Crawford

TOO MANY CHOICES

In the early days of fast food establishments, things were simple. Most burger stands offered just hamburgers, cheeseburgers, fries, soda, and milkshakes. That was it. And it was all you needed.  Even the buildings were simple, most just small stands with windows to place and receive your orders, with just an enclosure for a kitchen. You sat on an outside bench to eat, or in your car. Think of drive-ins without carhops.

Before long, more choices were on the menu. Bigger fancier double burgers, secret sauce, chicken and fish sandwiches, coffee and tea, then breakfast sandwiches. The simple stands were being rebuilt into sit-down restaurants, all the while adding menu items. Big menu boards hung behind the counter showing so many different items.

Bewildering. You thought you knew what you wanted. What is that sandwich? When did they start offering these new things? Can I still get a plain old cheeseburger?

Small medium and large. Super-size me. Eight different versions of what was once a simple burger. Chicken. Fish. Seasonal sandwiches like BBQ pork. Kid’s meal combos.

One chain offers a “Big” sandwich and meal. The other chain offers something similar, called a “Super”.

Health issues arise and business slows down. For a little while, until they offer “healthy” choices, such as salads and natural fruit drinks.

Now you stare at huge TV screen menu boards, wondering what to have. You thought you knew what you wanted. You, and a few others, gawk blankly at the menu while the counter people try to get someone to place an order.

The most popular sandwiches were once already made just minutes ago, waiting to be placed in a bag or on a tray, truly fast food. They moved quickly so plenty were ready to go. With so many menu choices, they don’t do that anymore, so your “fast food” is now more second-gear “medium” speed. They call this “fresh cooked to your order”.

In a similar vein, how do diners manage to carry everything listed in their ten-page menus? I can see fast movers, like bacon and eggs, and burgers; easy to keep inventoried fresh. But what about less-popular items, such as liver?

I’ve always enjoyed liver and onions with bacon, a family favorite for years. It’s something I order frequently at a local diner. Since most people I know claim to hate liver, how can they keep an inventory of something that doesn’t really sell? Do they keep it frozen and quick-nuke it before cooking, or is it waiting in the refrigerator? How long can they keep it before it has to be thrown out?

Ten pages of menu items. I wonder what the turnover in fresh food items might be. So many meat products have a very short shelf life. Is there a lot of “spoilage”? Is today’s featured soup actually “Cream of Yesterday’s Special”?

What is the commonality between both extracts?