DAY 3 – Summer Holiday Group 2 Year 5 English Trial Test

Read the stories below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Learning environments’ influence on students’ learning experience

Classroom space is one of the most important places where people can talk to each other and figure out how they fit into their social environment. The physical part of a learning environment includes the building itself, as well as tools, and furniture. Different teaching strategies can be helped by the classroom’s physical space and its affordances, which are the learning activities made possible by furniture, room layout, and so on. Research has also shown that colour, texture, views, light, acoustics, temperature, and air quality are important parts of the physical learning environment. However, aesthetics are seen as less important. 

Fisher says that millennial students need experiential and active learning spaces that involve more participation and collaboration from students. They also need furniture that allows for flexible classroom settings where students can see and hear each other and their teacher, see all screens, and use the right tables and chairs. In these kinds of spaces, teachers and students act more independently and actively, power relationships are more balanced and fluid, and the teacher acts as a centre while the students move around the room like satellites.

Teachers can have more control over their students in classrooms. They have a chance to learn more about what each student needs. They can find better ways to solve problems. The learning space tells teachers and students to teach and learn in a certain way, and they tend to respond to the space consciously. 

Teachers can, however, use new spaces to give traditional lectures. But when a familiar space is used in a way that students haven’t seen before, it often seems strange to them.

Extract B: Is online learning as good as classroom learning? 

Learning is something that goes on for the rest of your life. Many people with strong interests choose to keep studying while working. This needs flexible schedules and the right way to use time. They might be able to reach their goals through online learning. 

When it comes to convenience, online classes are very helpful. You can sign up for courses without leaving your house. You don’t have to worry about going to a school to study. When you learn online, you have the chance to try out different things. 

On the other hand, learning in a classroom needs a lot of drive. To learn something, you have to go to a certain place. Learning in a classroom may not be as easy as learning online. Many students these days like to learn online because it’s easy to get to. 

Online education gives both the teacher and the student the freedom to choose their own pace of learning and to set a schedule that works for everyone. So, using an online educational platform lets you balance work and school better, so you don’t have to give up anything. When you study online, you learn important skills for managing your time, which makes it easier to find a good balance between work and school. Having a shared plan between a teacher and a student can also encourage both to take on new responsibilities and have more freedom.

In classrooms, students have a fair chance to talk to their teachers in a good way. Most of the time, the classroom is more lively and allows for active debates and participation, while online learning may not be as engaging. Most online classes only have one-way communication, where the teacher gives the students the materials they need and tells them what to do. They might not be able to talk well or share information. 

In a classroom, students get more attention, but online learning depends on technology. Online classes can be very helpful if the teacher is able to get the students to do what they need to do. 

Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.

1.  The goal of both extracts is to

Read the stories below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Learning environments’ influence on students’ learning experience

Classroom space is one of the most important places where people can talk to each other and figure out how they fit into their social environment. The physical part of a learning environment includes the building itself, as well as tools, and furniture. Different teaching strategies can be helped by the classroom’s physical space and its affordances, which are the learning activities made possible by furniture, room layout, and so on. Research has also shown that colour, texture, views, light, acoustics, temperature, and air quality are important parts of the physical learning environment. However, aesthetics are seen as less important. 

Fisher says that millennial students need experiential and active learning spaces that involve more participation and collaboration from students. They also need furniture that allows for flexible classroom settings where students can see and hear each other and their teacher, see all screens, and use the right tables and chairs. In these kinds of spaces, teachers and students act more independently and actively, power relationships are more balanced and fluid, and the teacher acts as a centre while the students move around the room like satellites.

Teachers can have more control over their students in classrooms. They have a chance to learn more about what each student needs. They can find better ways to solve problems. The learning space tells teachers and students to teach and learn in a certain way, and they tend to respond to the space consciously. 

Teachers can, however, use new spaces to give traditional lectures. But when a familiar space is used in a way that students haven’t seen before, it often seems strange to them.

Extract B: Is online learning as good as classroom learning? 

Learning is something that goes on for the rest of your life. Many people with strong interests choose to keep studying while working. This needs flexible schedules and the right way to use time. They might be able to reach their goals through online learning. 

When it comes to convenience, online classes are very helpful. You can sign up for courses without leaving your house. You don’t have to worry about going to a school to study. When you learn online, you have the chance to try out different things. 

On the other hand, learning in a classroom needs a lot of drive. To learn something, you have to go to a certain place. Learning in a classroom may not be as easy as learning online. Many students these days like to learn online because it’s easy to get to. 

Online education gives both the teacher and the student the freedom to choose their own pace of learning and to set a schedule that works for everyone. So, using an online educational platform lets you balance work and school better, so you don’t have to give up anything. When you study online, you learn important skills for managing your time, which makes it easier to find a good balance between work and school. Having a shared plan between a teacher and a student can also encourage both to take on new responsibilities and have more freedom.

In classrooms, students have a fair chance to talk to their teachers in a good way. Most of the time, the classroom is more lively and allows for active debates and participation, while online learning may not be as engaging. Most online classes only have one-way communication, where the teacher gives the students the materials they need and tells them what to do. They might not be able to talk well or share information. 

In a classroom, students get more attention, but online learning depends on technology. Online classes can be very helpful if the teacher is able to get the students to do what they need to do. 

What information is present in Extract B that is not found on Extract A?

Read the stories below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Learning environments’ influence on students’ learning experience

Classroom space is one of the most important places where people can talk to each other and figure out how they fit into their social environment. The physical part of a learning environment includes the building itself, as well as tools, and furniture. Different teaching strategies can be helped by the classroom’s physical space and its affordances, which are the learning activities made possible by furniture, room layout, and so on. Research has also shown that colour, texture, views, light, acoustics, temperature, and air quality are important parts of the physical learning environment. However, aesthetics are seen as less important. 

Fisher says that millennial students need experiential and active learning spaces that involve more participation and collaboration from students. They also need furniture that allows for flexible classroom settings where students can see and hear each other and their teacher, see all screens, and use the right tables and chairs. In these kinds of spaces, teachers and students act more independently and actively, power relationships are more balanced and fluid, and the teacher acts as a centre while the students move around the room like satellites.

Teachers can have more control over their students in classrooms. They have a chance to learn more about what each student needs. They can find better ways to solve problems. The learning space tells teachers and students to teach and learn in a certain way, and they tend to respond to the space consciously. 

Teachers can, however, use new spaces to give traditional lectures. But when a familiar space is used in a way that students haven’t seen before, it often seems strange to them.

Extract B: Is online learning as good as classroom learning? 

Learning is something that goes on for the rest of your life. Many people with strong interests choose to keep studying while working. This needs flexible schedules and the right way to use time. They might be able to reach their goals through online learning. 

When it comes to convenience, online classes are very helpful. You can sign up for courses without leaving your house. You don’t have to worry about going to a school to study. When you learn online, you have the chance to try out different things. 

On the other hand, learning in a classroom needs a lot of drive. To learn something, you have to go to a certain place. Learning in a classroom may not be as easy as learning online. Many students these days like to learn online because it’s easy to get to. 

Online education gives both the teacher and the student the freedom to choose their own pace of learning and to set a schedule that works for everyone. So, using an online educational platform lets you balance work and school better, so you don’t have to give up anything. When you study online, you learn important skills for managing your time, which makes it easier to find a good balance between work and school. Having a shared plan between a teacher and a student can also encourage both to take on new responsibilities and have more freedom.

In classrooms, students have a fair chance to talk to their teachers in a good way. Most of the time, the classroom is more lively and allows for active debates and participation, while online learning may not be as engaging. Most online classes only have one-way communication, where the teacher gives the students the materials they need and tells them what to do. They might not be able to talk well or share information. 

In a classroom, students get more attention, but online learning depends on technology. Online classes can be very helpful if the teacher is able to get the students to do what they need to do. 

According to the extracts, how is communication different between teacher and student in each learning set up?

Read the stories below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Learning environments’ influence on students’ learning experience

Classroom space is one of the most important places where people can talk to each other and figure out how they fit into their social environment. The physical part of a learning environment includes the building itself, as well as tools, and furniture. Different teaching strategies can be helped by the classroom’s physical space and its affordances, which are the learning activities made possible by furniture, room layout, and so on. Research has also shown that colour, texture, views, light, acoustics, temperature, and air quality are important parts of the physical learning environment. However, aesthetics are seen as less important. 

Fisher says that millennial students need experiential and active learning spaces that involve more participation and collaboration from students. They also need furniture that allows for flexible classroom settings where students can see and hear each other and their teacher, see all screens, and use the right tables and chairs. In these kinds of spaces, teachers and students act more independently and actively, power relationships are more balanced and fluid, and the teacher acts as a centre while the students move around the room like satellites.

Teachers can have more control over their students in classrooms. They have a chance to learn more about what each student needs. They can find better ways to solve problems. The learning space tells teachers and students to teach and learn in a certain way, and they tend to respond to the space consciously. 

Teachers can, however, use new spaces to give traditional lectures. But when a familiar space is used in a way that students haven’t seen before, it often seems strange to them.

Extract B: Is online learning as good as classroom learning? 

Learning is something that goes on for the rest of your life. Many people with strong interests choose to keep studying while working. This needs flexible schedules and the right way to use time. They might be able to reach their goals through online learning. 

When it comes to convenience, online classes are very helpful. You can sign up for courses without leaving your house. You don’t have to worry about going to a school to study. When you learn online, you have the chance to try out different things. 

On the other hand, learning in a classroom needs a lot of drive. To learn something, you have to go to a certain place. Learning in a classroom may not be as easy as learning online. Many students these days like to learn online because it’s easy to get to. 

Online education gives both the teacher and the student the freedom to choose their own pace of learning and to set a schedule that works for everyone. So, using an online educational platform lets you balance work and school better, so you don’t have to give up anything. When you study online, you learn important skills for managing your time, which makes it easier to find a good balance between work and school. Having a shared plan between a teacher and a student can also encourage both to take on new responsibilities and have more freedom.

In classrooms, students have a fair chance to talk to their teachers in a good way. Most of the time, the classroom is more lively and allows for active debates and participation, while online learning may not be as engaging. Most online classes only have one-way communication, where the teacher gives the students the materials they need and tells them what to do. They might not be able to talk well or share information. 

In a classroom, students get more attention, but online learning depends on technology. Online classes can be very helpful if the teacher is able to get the students to do what they need to do. 

In extract A, it talks about how contributing factors to learning include the physical space. What factor in extract B coincides to this?

Read the stories below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Learning environments’ influence on students’ learning experience

Classroom space is one of the most important places where people can talk to each other and figure out how they fit into their social environment. The physical part of a learning environment includes the building itself, as well as tools, and furniture. Different teaching strategies can be helped by the classroom’s physical space and its affordances, which are the learning activities made possible by furniture, room layout, and so on. Research has also shown that colour, texture, views, light, acoustics, temperature, and air quality are important parts of the physical learning environment. However, aesthetics are seen as less important. 

Fisher says that millennial students need experiential and active learning spaces that involve more participation and collaboration from students. They also need furniture that allows for flexible classroom settings where students can see and hear each other and their teacher, see all screens, and use the right tables and chairs. In these kinds of spaces, teachers and students act more independently and actively, power relationships are more balanced and fluid, and the teacher acts as a centre while the students move around the room like satellites.

Teachers can have more control over their students in classrooms. They have a chance to learn more about what each student needs. They can find better ways to solve problems. The learning space tells teachers and students to teach and learn in a certain way, and they tend to respond to the space consciously. 

Teachers can, however, use new spaces to give traditional lectures. But when a familiar space is used in a way that students haven’t seen before, it often seems strange to them.

Extract B: Is online learning as good as classroom learning? 

Learning is something that goes on for the rest of your life. Many people with strong interests choose to keep studying while working. This needs flexible schedules and the right way to use time. They might be able to reach their goals through online learning. 

When it comes to convenience, online classes are very helpful. You can sign up for courses without leaving your house. You don’t have to worry about going to a school to study. When you learn online, you have the chance to try out different things. 

On the other hand, learning in a classroom needs a lot of drive. To learn something, you have to go to a certain place. Learning in a classroom may not be as easy as learning online. Many students these days like to learn online because it’s easy to get to. 

Online education gives both the teacher and the student the freedom to choose their own pace of learning and to set a schedule that works for everyone. So, using an online educational platform lets you balance work and school better, so you don’t have to give up anything. When you study online, you learn important skills for managing your time, which makes it easier to find a good balance between work and school. Having a shared plan between a teacher and a student can also encourage both to take on new responsibilities and have more freedom.

In classrooms, students have a fair chance to talk to their teachers in a good way. Most of the time, the classroom is more lively and allows for active debates and participation, while online learning may not be as engaging. Most online classes only have one-way communication, where the teacher gives the students the materials they need and tells them what to do. They might not be able to talk well or share information. 

In a classroom, students get more attention, but online learning depends on technology. Online classes can be very helpful if the teacher is able to get the students to do what they need to do. 

Which of the following statements is false?

Read the stories below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Learning environments’ influence on students’ learning experience

Classroom space is one of the most important places where people can talk to each other and figure out how they fit into their social environment. The physical part of a learning environment includes the building itself, as well as tools, and furniture. Different teaching strategies can be helped by the classroom’s physical space and its affordances, which are the learning activities made possible by furniture, room layout, and so on. Research has also shown that colour, texture, views, light, acoustics, temperature, and air quality are important parts of the physical learning environment. However, aesthetics are seen as less important. 

Fisher says that millennial students need experiential and active learning spaces that involve more participation and collaboration from students. They also need furniture that allows for flexible classroom settings where students can see and hear each other and their teacher, see all screens, and use the right tables and chairs. In these kinds of spaces, teachers and students act more independently and actively, power relationships are more balanced and fluid, and the teacher acts as a centre while the students move around the room like satellites.

Teachers can have more control over their students in classrooms. They have a chance to learn more about what each student needs. They can find better ways to solve problems. The learning space tells teachers and students to teach and learn in a certain way, and they tend to respond to the space consciously. 

Teachers can, however, use new spaces to give traditional lectures. But when a familiar space is used in a way that students haven’t seen before, it often seems strange to them.

Extract B: Is online learning as good as classroom learning? 

Learning is something that goes on for the rest of your life. Many people with strong interests choose to keep studying while working. This needs flexible schedules and the right way to use time. They might be able to reach their goals through online learning. 

When it comes to convenience, online classes are very helpful. You can sign up for courses without leaving your house. You don’t have to worry about going to a school to study. When you learn online, you have the chance to try out different things. 

On the other hand, learning in a classroom needs a lot of drive. To learn something, you have to go to a certain place. Learning in a classroom may not be as easy as learning online. Many students these days like to learn online because it’s easy to get to. 

Online education gives both the teacher and the student the freedom to choose their own pace of learning and to set a schedule that works for everyone. So, using an online educational platform lets you balance work and school better, so you don’t have to give up anything. When you study online, you learn important skills for managing your time, which makes it easier to find a good balance between work and school. Having a shared plan between a teacher and a student can also encourage both to take on new responsibilities and have more freedom.

In classrooms, students have a fair chance to talk to their teachers in a good way. Most of the time, the classroom is more lively and allows for active debates and participation, while online learning may not be as engaging. Most online classes only have one-way communication, where the teacher gives the students the materials they need and tells them what to do. They might not be able to talk well or share information. 

In a classroom, students get more attention, but online learning depends on technology. Online classes can be very helpful if the teacher is able to get the students to do what they need to do. 

How are the extracts organised?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

The Moon and the Yew Tree by Sylvia Plath

This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary.

The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.

The grasses unload their griefs at my feet as if I were God,

Prickling my ankles and murmuring of their humility.

Fumy spiritous mists inhabit this place                                              5

Separated from my house by a row of headstones.

I simply cannot see where there is to get to.

The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right,

White as a knuckle and terribly upset.

It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet                           10

With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.

Twice on Sunday, the bells startle the sky –

Eight great tongues affirming the Resurrection.

At the end, they soberly bong out their names.

The yew tree points up. It has a Gothic shape.                                 15

The eyes lift after it and find the moon.

The moon is my mother. She is not sweet like Mary.

Her blue garments unloose small bats and owls.

How I would like to believe in tenderness –

The face of the effigy, gentled by candles,                                        20

Bending, on me in particular, its mild eyes.

I have fallen a long way. Clouds are flowering

Blue and mystical over the face of the stars.

Inside the church, the saints will be all blue,

Floating on their delicate feet over cold pews,                                   25

Their hands and faces stiff with holiness.

The moon sees nothing of this. She is bald and wild.

And the message of the yew tree is blackness –

blackness and silence.

Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer. 

7          The following that best summarises the poem is

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

The Moon and the Yew Tree by Sylvia Plath

This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary.

The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.

The grasses unload their griefs at my feet as if I were God,

Prickling my ankles and murmuring of their humility.

Fumy spiritous mists inhabit this place                                              5

Separated from my house by a row of headstones.

I simply cannot see where there is to get to.

The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right,

White as a knuckle and terribly upset.

It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet                           10

With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.

Twice on Sunday, the bells startle the sky –

Eight great tongues affirming the Resurrection.

At the end, they soberly bong out their names.

The yew tree points up. It has a Gothic shape.                                 15

The eyes lift after it and find the moon.

The moon is my mother. She is not sweet like Mary.

Her blue garments unloose small bats and owls.

How I would like to believe in tenderness –

The face of the effigy, gentled by candles,                                        20

Bending, on me in particular, its mild eyes.

I have fallen a long way. Clouds are flowering

Blue and mystical over the face of the stars.

Inside the church, the saints will be all blue,

Floating on their delicate feet over cold pews,                                   25

Their hands and faces stiff with holiness.

The moon sees nothing of this. She is bald and wild.

And the message of the yew tree is blackness –

blackness and silence.

The form of the poem is in

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

The Moon and the Yew Tree by Sylvia Plath

This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary.

The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.

The grasses unload their griefs at my feet as if I were God,

Prickling my ankles and murmuring of their humility.

Fumy spiritous mists inhabit this place                                              5

Separated from my house by a row of headstones.

I simply cannot see where there is to get to.

The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right,

White as a knuckle and terribly upset.

It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet                           10

With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.

Twice on Sunday, the bells startle the sky –

Eight great tongues affirming the Resurrection.

At the end, they soberly bong out their names.

The yew tree points up. It has a Gothic shape.                                 15

The eyes lift after it and find the moon.

The moon is my mother. She is not sweet like Mary.

Her blue garments unloose small bats and owls.

How I would like to believe in tenderness –

The face of the effigy, gentled by candles,                                        20

Bending, on me in particular, its mild eyes.

I have fallen a long way. Clouds are flowering

Blue and mystical over the face of the stars.

Inside the church, the saints will be all blue,

Floating on their delicate feet over cold pews,                                   25

Their hands and faces stiff with holiness.

The moon sees nothing of this. She is bald and wild.

And the message of the yew tree is blackness –

blackness and silence.

The following is a major theme of the poem EXCEPT

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

The Moon and the Yew Tree by Sylvia Plath

This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary.

The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.

The grasses unload their griefs at my feet as if I were God,

Prickling my ankles and murmuring of their humility.

Fumy spiritous mists inhabit this place                                              5

Separated from my house by a row of headstones.

I simply cannot see where there is to get to.

The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right,

White as a knuckle and terribly upset.

It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet                           10

With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.

Twice on Sunday, the bells startle the sky –

Eight great tongues affirming the Resurrection.

At the end, they soberly bong out their names.

The yew tree points up. It has a Gothic shape.                                 15

The eyes lift after it and find the moon.

The moon is my mother. She is not sweet like Mary.

Her blue garments unloose small bats and owls.

How I would like to believe in tenderness –

The face of the effigy, gentled by candles,                                        20

Bending, on me in particular, its mild eyes.

I have fallen a long way. Clouds are flowering

Blue and mystical over the face of the stars.

Inside the church, the saints will be all blue,

Floating on their delicate feet over cold pews,                                   25

Their hands and faces stiff with holiness.

The moon sees nothing of this. She is bald and wild.

And the message of the yew tree is blackness –

blackness and silence.

 The following literary devices is featured in the poem EXCEPT

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

The Moon and the Yew Tree by Sylvia Plath

This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary.

The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.

The grasses unload their griefs at my feet as if I were God,

Prickling my ankles and murmuring of their humility.

Fumy spiritous mists inhabit this place                                              5

Separated from my house by a row of headstones.

I simply cannot see where there is to get to.

The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right,

White as a knuckle and terribly upset.

It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet                           10

With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.

Twice on Sunday, the bells startle the sky –

Eight great tongues affirming the Resurrection.

At the end, they soberly bong out their names.

The yew tree points up. It has a Gothic shape.                                 15

The eyes lift after it and find the moon.

The moon is my mother. She is not sweet like Mary.

Her blue garments unloose small bats and owls.

How I would like to believe in tenderness –

The face of the effigy, gentled by candles,                                        20

Bending, on me in particular, its mild eyes.

I have fallen a long way. Clouds are flowering

Blue and mystical over the face of the stars.

Inside the church, the saints will be all blue,

Floating on their delicate feet over cold pews,                                   25

Their hands and faces stiff with holiness.

The moon sees nothing of this. She is bald and wild.

And the message of the yew tree is blackness –

blackness and silence.

The following that best describes the conflict taking place in the poem is

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

The Moon and the Yew Tree by Sylvia Plath

This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary.

The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.

The grasses unload their griefs at my feet as if I were God,

Prickling my ankles and murmuring of their humility.

Fumy spiritous mists inhabit this place                                              5

Separated from my house by a row of headstones.

I simply cannot see where there is to get to.

The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right,

White as a knuckle and terribly upset.

It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet                           10

With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.

Twice on Sunday, the bells startle the sky –

Eight great tongues affirming the Resurrection.

At the end, they soberly bong out their names.

The yew tree points up. It has a Gothic shape.                                 15

The eyes lift after it and find the moon.

The moon is my mother. She is not sweet like Mary.

Her blue garments unloose small bats and owls.

How I would like to believe in tenderness –

The face of the effigy, gentled by candles,                                        20

Bending, on me in particular, its mild eyes.

I have fallen a long way. Clouds are flowering

Blue and mystical over the face of the stars.

Inside the church, the saints will be all blue,

Floating on their delicate feet over cold pews,                                   25

Their hands and faces stiff with holiness.

The moon sees nothing of this. She is bald and wild.

And the message of the yew tree is blackness –

blackness and silence.

What figure of speech is used in the second stanza? 

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

History of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. 13…………… At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc” – from which the words “England” and “English” are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. 14………….. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. 15…………… In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardisation to English. 16…………… In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonisation of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. 17…………… Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).’

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). 18……………

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

History of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. 13…………… At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc” – from which the words “England” and “English” are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. 14………….. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. 15…………… In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardisation to English. 16…………… In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonisation of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. 17…………… Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).’

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). 18……………

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

History of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. 13…………… At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc” – from which the words “England” and “English” are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. 14………….. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. 15…………… In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardisation to English. 16…………… In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonisation of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. 17…………… Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).’

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). 18……………

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

History of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. 13…………… At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc” – from which the words “England” and “English” are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. 14………….. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. 15…………… In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardisation to English. 16…………… In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonisation of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. 17…………… Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).’

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). 18……………

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

History of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. 13…………… At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc” – from which the words “England” and “English” are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. 14………….. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. 15…………… In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardisation to English. 16…………… In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonisation of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. 17…………… Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).’

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). 18……………

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use. 

History of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. 13…………… At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders – mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from “Englaland” and their language was called “Englisc” – from which the words “England” and “English” are derived.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. 14………….. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. 15…………… In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world. This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardisation to English. 16…………… In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonisation of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words “froze” when they reached America. 17…………… Some expressions that the British call “Americanisms” are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).’

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). 18……………

Which extract mentions about a type of infection wherein free-living organisms enter the body and multiply that causes invasion and growth of germs in the body?

Which type of extract mentions a type of infection wherein antibiotics does not have an effect on the  infectious microbes due to their protective protein coating?

Which extract mentions about a type of infection that is a non-living collection of molecules that attaches itself to living organisms that acts as a harbour for invading pathogenic organisms to reproduce and survive?

Which extract mentions about a type of infection wherein organisms that live on or in a host and gets its food from or at the expense of its host?

Which extract mentions about a type of infection an infection caused by a group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter that invades the tissues, causing superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic disease?

Which extract mentions about a a type of infection that is mainly cured by the firsthand use of antibiotics?

Pollution

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China’s pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world’s soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.

The degradation of the earth’s surface caused by a misuse of resources and improper disposal of waste is called

Pollution

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China’s pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world’s soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

 In context to the passage, the body of water wherein water pollution has the greatest negative effect are

Pollution

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China’s pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world’s soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

The following is the best cause of air pollution is

Pollution

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries. 

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China’s pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world’s soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

Open windows and fans that extract smoke provide

Pollution

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China’s pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world’s soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

A possible effect on water pollution would be

Pollution

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40% of the premature deaths in the world’s population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries.

Water in many developing countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death. China relies heavily on coal, which is considered the dirtiest source of energy. According to the European Union, only 1% of urban dwellers in China breathe clean air on an average day. Neighbouring countries including Japan and Korea receive much of China’s pollution in the form of acid rain. This pollution results mainly from the coal powered factories, which produce inexpensive goods for North American and European consumers. Outdoor air pollution is also a concern in many wealthy countries. Those who live and work in urban centres such as Los Angeles or Toronto experience many warm days beneath a layer of smog.

Soil pollution is also a major concern, both in industrial and developing countries. Pollutants such as metals and pesticides seep into the earth’s soil and contaminate the food supply. Soil pollution causes major health risks to entire ecosystems. This type of pollution reduces the amount of land suitable for agricultural production and contributes to global food shortages. Dumping of industrial and domestic waste products produces much of the world’s soil pollution, though natural disasters can also add to the problem. In wealthy countries such as the US, protection agencies monitor the food supply. The public is generally warned before major disease outbreaks occur. Developing countries do not have this luxury. Farmers in poor nations grow food in contaminated soil both to earn a living and to avoid starvation.

As more people move to urban centres, premature deaths caused by pollution are expected to increase worldwide. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the expense of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth’s resources for future generations.

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