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Read the following extracts and then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: What You Should Know About Sucralose
Sucralose is a calorie-free sweetener that can be used to reduce a person’s consumption of added sugars while still allowing them to enjoy the flavour of something sweet. While some of these sweeteners are low-calorie and others are calorie-free, they are typically referred to together as sugar alternatives, high-intensity sweeteners, nonnutritive sweeteners, or low-calorie sweeteners.
Sucralose is produced by a process that begins with table sugar (sucrose), although it is not sugar. On the molecule of sucrose, three specific hydroxyl groups are substituted with three chlorine atoms. The structure of sucralose prevents digestive enzymes from breaking it down, which is an intrinsic aspect of its safety.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, therefore only small amounts are required to equal sugar’s sweetness. Sucralose is allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a general-purpose sweetener, which means it can be added to any food or beverage. Sucralose is highly stable, thus sucralose-sweetened foods and beverages remain sweet under a broad variety of situations. This includes frozen delicacies such as frozen treats, as well as foods that require high temperatures to be prepared, such as baked products and meals that require sterilisation. However, a recipe that substitutes sucralose for sugar may provide a slightly different result since, in addition to sweetness, sugar plays numerous roles in recipes linked to volume and texture, which vary depending on the type of recipe.
Fans of calorie-free sugar adore sucralose because it lacks the unpleasant aftertaste of other artificial sweeteners. Perhaps this is why it’s so difficult to avoid. Before licensing it as a sweetener in 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration examined over 110 safety investigations. Since then, however, research has raised concerns over the safety of sucralose. A registered dietician, Kate Patton, RD states, “while it is usually considered safe, there are some reasons for concern.”
But does sucralose impact your gut? Your digestive tract is teeming with beneficial bacteria. The microbiome has multiple crucial functions, including aiding with digestion and boosting the immune system. However, a number of studies indicate that sucralose may not be the best for these small helpers. According to research conducted on rodents, sucralose disrupts the microbiota balance, which might contribute to an increase in inflammation. Patton states, “We know that chronic inflammation can contribute to a range of health issues, including obesity and diabetes.” However, more information is required to determine whether sucralose has the same effect on human microbiomes as it does on animal microbiomes.
When you consume a sugary snack, your body creates the hormone insulin to assist regulate blood sugar levels. People believed that artificial sweeteners would not be as effective. This makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among diabetics, who must regularly manage their blood sugar levels. However, it is unknown precisely how sucralose impacts blood sugar and insulin levels. Some research indicates that sucralose does not increase glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals. At least one study indicated, however, that sucralose can boost blood sugar and insulin levels in obese individuals who do not typically consume artificial sweeteners. Patton states that additional research is required to elucidate the issue. Instead of substituting sugar with sucralose, it is preferable to discover other strategies to reduce sugar intake.
So what is the judgement about sucralose? It is complicated. The research has indeed generated some worries. Long-term consumption of sucralose has not, however, been associated with any direct harmful health impacts. This is true for both healthy and diabetic individuals. Sucralose may create issues at greater doses, but most people consume nowhere near that quantity, according to Patton. If you consume sucralose seldom and in moderation, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on your health.
Extract B: Diabetes: Taking Care of One’s Body
If you have diabetes, you know why it’s important to limit the amount of sugar you eat or drink. It’s generally easy to spot natural sugars in your drinks and food. Processed sugars can be a bit more challenging to pinpoint.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener often used in place of sugar. One of the major benefits of sucralose is that it has zero calories. You may find this helpful if you’re trying to manage your daily calorie intake or dieting. Sucralose is sweeter than sugar leading many people to favour the substitute over the original. Because of this, you need only a small amount of sucralose to get a very sweet taste in your food or beverage.
To add, sucralose may affect your gut health. The friendly bacteria in your gut are extremely important for your overall health, benefiting your immune system, heart, weight and other health aspects. Rodent studies indicate that sucralose can modify intestinal microbiota and may eliminate some of these good bacteria, leading to inflammation of internal organs, like the liver.
Vivo studies show that sucralose may alter hormone levels in your digestive tract, leading to abnormalities that may contribute to metabolic disorders like obesity or even type 2 diabetes. Additionally, research also shows that metabolic alterations caused by sucralose can lead to glucose intolerance, which increases your risk for diabetes. More research is necessary to fully understand the link between sucralose and gut health, including more human studies. But it is not entirely harmless.
So how does sucralose affect people with diabetes? Artificial sweeteners like sucralose are marketed as sugar substitutes that don’t raise blood sugar levels, making them a safer choice for diabetics. While these claims seem promising, they have yet to be confirmed by multiple large studies. Previous studies have found sucralose to have little to no effects on blood sugar levels in individuals of average weight who regularly used sucralose. But more recent research suggests that it can cause blood sugar levels to spike in other populations. A small study found that sucralose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20% in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume artificial sweeteners. These results indicate that sucralose may elevate blood sugar levels in new users but have little effect on regular consumers.
For individuals with diabetes who do not produce insulin or do not respond to the hormone properly, a spike in blood sugar levels could cause serious health problems. If you have diabetes, you may want to limit your sucralose intake.
The bottom line is, sucralose may be a zero-calorie sugar substitute that can help you lose weight, but it may raise blood sugar levels and affect your gut health. This can lead to health consequences, especially if you have diabetes. So before adding sucralose to your diet, check with your doctor to make sure they believe it’s the right choice for you and your diabetes management. If you do decide to use sucralose, you may want to practise moderation and monitor your blood sugar levels after consumption.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Which is NOT a theme explored in both extracts?
Read the following extracts and then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: What You Should Know About Sucralose
Sucralose is a calorie-free sweetener that can be used to reduce a person’s consumption of added sugars while still allowing them to enjoy the flavour of something sweet. While some of these sweeteners are low-calorie and others are calorie-free, they are typically referred to together as sugar alternatives, high-intensity sweeteners, nonnutritive sweeteners, or low-calorie sweeteners.
Sucralose is produced by a process that begins with table sugar (sucrose), although it is not sugar. On the molecule of sucrose, three specific hydroxyl groups are substituted with three chlorine atoms. The structure of sucralose prevents digestive enzymes from breaking it down, which is an intrinsic aspect of its safety.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, therefore only small amounts are required to equal sugar’s sweetness. Sucralose is allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a general-purpose sweetener, which means it can be added to any food or beverage. Sucralose is highly stable, thus sucralose-sweetened foods and beverages remain sweet under a broad variety of situations. This includes frozen delicacies such as frozen treats, as well as foods that require high temperatures to be prepared, such as baked products and meals that require sterilisation. However, a recipe that substitutes sucralose for sugar may provide a slightly different result since, in addition to sweetness, sugar plays numerous roles in recipes linked to volume and texture, which vary depending on the type of recipe.
Fans of calorie-free sugar adore sucralose because it lacks the unpleasant aftertaste of other artificial sweeteners. Perhaps this is why it’s so difficult to avoid. Before licensing it as a sweetener in 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration examined over 110 safety investigations. Since then, however, research has raised concerns over the safety of sucralose. A registered dietician, Kate Patton, RD states, “while it is usually considered safe, there are some reasons for concern.”
But does sucralose impact your gut? Your digestive tract is teeming with beneficial bacteria. The microbiome has multiple crucial functions, including aiding with digestion and boosting the immune system. However, a number of studies indicate that sucralose may not be the best for these small helpers. According to research conducted on rodents, sucralose disrupts the microbiota balance, which might contribute to an increase in inflammation. Patton states, “We know that chronic inflammation can contribute to a range of health issues, including obesity and diabetes.” However, more information is required to determine whether sucralose has the same effect on human microbiomes as it does on animal microbiomes.
When you consume a sugary snack, your body creates the hormone insulin to assist regulate blood sugar levels. People believed that artificial sweeteners would not be as effective. This makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among diabetics, who must regularly manage their blood sugar levels. However, it is unknown precisely how sucralose impacts blood sugar and insulin levels. Some research indicates that sucralose does not increase glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals. At least one study indicated, however, that sucralose can boost blood sugar and insulin levels in obese individuals who do not typically consume artificial sweeteners. Patton states that additional research is required to elucidate the issue. Instead of substituting sugar with sucralose, it is preferable to discover other strategies to reduce sugar intake.
So what is the judgement about sucralose? It is complicated. The research has indeed generated some worries. Long-term consumption of sucralose has not, however, been associated with any direct harmful health impacts. This is true for both healthy and diabetic individuals. Sucralose may create issues at greater doses, but most people consume nowhere near that quantity, according to Patton. If you consume sucralose seldom and in moderation, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on your health.
Extract B: Diabetes: Taking Care of One’s Body
If you have diabetes, you know why it’s important to limit the amount of sugar you eat or drink. It’s generally easy to spot natural sugars in your drinks and food. Processed sugars can be a bit more challenging to pinpoint.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener often used in place of sugar. One of the major benefits of sucralose is that it has zero calories. You may find this helpful if you’re trying to manage your daily calorie intake or dieting. Sucralose is sweeter than sugar leading many people to favour the substitute over the original. Because of this, you need only a small amount of sucralose to get a very sweet taste in your food or beverage.
To add, sucralose may affect your gut health. The friendly bacteria in your gut are extremely important for your overall health, benefiting your immune system, heart, weight and other health aspects. Rodent studies indicate that sucralose can modify intestinal microbiota and may eliminate some of these good bacteria, leading to inflammation of internal organs, like the liver.
Vivo studies show that sucralose may alter hormone levels in your digestive tract, leading to abnormalities that may contribute to metabolic disorders like obesity or even type 2 diabetes. Additionally, research also shows that metabolic alterations caused by sucralose can lead to glucose intolerance, which increases your risk for diabetes. More research is necessary to fully understand the link between sucralose and gut health, including more human studies. But it is not entirely harmless.
So how does sucralose affect people with diabetes? Artificial sweeteners like sucralose are marketed as sugar substitutes that don’t raise blood sugar levels, making them a safer choice for diabetics. While these claims seem promising, they have yet to be confirmed by multiple large studies. Previous studies have found sucralose to have little to no effects on blood sugar levels in individuals of average weight who regularly used sucralose. But more recent research suggests that it can cause blood sugar levels to spike in other populations. A small study found that sucralose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20% in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume artificial sweeteners. These results indicate that sucralose may elevate blood sugar levels in new users but have little effect on regular consumers.
For individuals with diabetes who do not produce insulin or do not respond to the hormone properly, a spike in blood sugar levels could cause serious health problems. If you have diabetes, you may want to limit your sucralose intake.
The bottom line is, sucralose may be a zero-calorie sugar substitute that can help you lose weight, but it may raise blood sugar levels and affect your gut health. This can lead to health consequences, especially if you have diabetes. So before adding sucralose to your diet, check with your doctor to make sure they believe it’s the right choice for you and your diabetes management. If you do decide to use sucralose, you may want to practise moderation and monitor your blood sugar levels after consumption.
What is the purpose of both extracts?
Read the following extracts and then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: What You Should Know About Sucralose
Sucralose is a calorie-free sweetener that can be used to reduce a person’s consumption of added sugars while still allowing them to enjoy the flavour of something sweet. While some of these sweeteners are low-calorie and others are calorie-free, they are typically referred to together as sugar alternatives, high-intensity sweeteners, nonnutritive sweeteners, or low-calorie sweeteners.
Sucralose is produced by a process that begins with table sugar (sucrose), although it is not sugar. On the molecule of sucrose, three specific hydroxyl groups are substituted with three chlorine atoms. The structure of sucralose prevents digestive enzymes from breaking it down, which is an intrinsic aspect of its safety.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, therefore only small amounts are required to equal sugar’s sweetness. Sucralose is allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a general-purpose sweetener, which means it can be added to any food or beverage. Sucralose is highly stable, thus sucralose-sweetened foods and beverages remain sweet under a broad variety of situations. This includes frozen delicacies such as frozen treats, as well as foods that require high temperatures to be prepared, such as baked products and meals that require sterilisation. However, a recipe that substitutes sucralose for sugar may provide a slightly different result since, in addition to sweetness, sugar plays numerous roles in recipes linked to volume and texture, which vary depending on the type of recipe.
Fans of calorie-free sugar adore sucralose because it lacks the unpleasant aftertaste of other artificial sweeteners. Perhaps this is why it’s so difficult to avoid. Before licensing it as a sweetener in 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration examined over 110 safety investigations. Since then, however, research has raised concerns over the safety of sucralose. A registered dietician, Kate Patton, RD states, “while it is usually considered safe, there are some reasons for concern.”
But does sucralose impact your gut? Your digestive tract is teeming with beneficial bacteria. The microbiome has multiple crucial functions, including aiding with digestion and boosting the immune system. However, a number of studies indicate that sucralose may not be the best for these small helpers. According to research conducted on rodents, sucralose disrupts the microbiota balance, which might contribute to an increase in inflammation. Patton states, “We know that chronic inflammation can contribute to a range of health issues, including obesity and diabetes.” However, more information is required to determine whether sucralose has the same effect on human microbiomes as it does on animal microbiomes.
When you consume a sugary snack, your body creates the hormone insulin to assist regulate blood sugar levels. People believed that artificial sweeteners would not be as effective. This makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among diabetics, who must regularly manage their blood sugar levels. However, it is unknown precisely how sucralose impacts blood sugar and insulin levels. Some research indicates that sucralose does not increase glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals. At least one study indicated, however, that sucralose can boost blood sugar and insulin levels in obese individuals who do not typically consume artificial sweeteners. Patton states that additional research is required to elucidate the issue. Instead of substituting sugar with sucralose, it is preferable to discover other strategies to reduce sugar intake.
So what is the judgement about sucralose? It is complicated. The research has indeed generated some worries. Long-term consumption of sucralose has not, however, been associated with any direct harmful health impacts. This is true for both healthy and diabetic individuals. Sucralose may create issues at greater doses, but most people consume nowhere near that quantity, according to Patton. If you consume sucralose seldom and in moderation, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on your health.
Extract B: Diabetes: Taking Care of One’s Body
If you have diabetes, you know why it’s important to limit the amount of sugar you eat or drink. It’s generally easy to spot natural sugars in your drinks and food. Processed sugars can be a bit more challenging to pinpoint.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener often used in place of sugar. One of the major benefits of sucralose is that it has zero calories. You may find this helpful if you’re trying to manage your daily calorie intake or dieting. Sucralose is sweeter than sugar leading many people to favour the substitute over the original. Because of this, you need only a small amount of sucralose to get a very sweet taste in your food or beverage.
To add, sucralose may affect your gut health. The friendly bacteria in your gut are extremely important for your overall health, benefiting your immune system, heart, weight and other health aspects. Rodent studies indicate that sucralose can modify intestinal microbiota and may eliminate some of these good bacteria, leading to inflammation of internal organs, like the liver.
Vivo studies show that sucralose may alter hormone levels in your digestive tract, leading to abnormalities that may contribute to metabolic disorders like obesity or even type 2 diabetes. Additionally, research also shows that metabolic alterations caused by sucralose can lead to glucose intolerance, which increases your risk for diabetes. More research is necessary to fully understand the link between sucralose and gut health, including more human studies. But it is not entirely harmless.
So how does sucralose affect people with diabetes? Artificial sweeteners like sucralose are marketed as sugar substitutes that don’t raise blood sugar levels, making them a safer choice for diabetics. While these claims seem promising, they have yet to be confirmed by multiple large studies. Previous studies have found sucralose to have little to no effects on blood sugar levels in individuals of average weight who regularly used sucralose. But more recent research suggests that it can cause blood sugar levels to spike in other populations. A small study found that sucralose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20% in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume artificial sweeteners. These results indicate that sucralose may elevate blood sugar levels in new users but have little effect on regular consumers.
For individuals with diabetes who do not produce insulin or do not respond to the hormone properly, a spike in blood sugar levels could cause serious health problems. If you have diabetes, you may want to limit your sucralose intake.
The bottom line is, sucralose may be a zero-calorie sugar substitute that can help you lose weight, but it may raise blood sugar levels and affect your gut health. This can lead to health consequences, especially if you have diabetes. So before adding sucralose to your diet, check with your doctor to make sure they believe it’s the right choice for you and your diabetes management. If you do decide to use sucralose, you may want to practise moderation and monitor your blood sugar levels after consumption.
A couple of reasons why people favour sucralose over sugar have been mentioned in the two extracts. Which of the following is NOT one of these reasons?
Read the following extracts and then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: What You Should Know About Sucralose
Sucralose is a calorie-free sweetener that can be used to reduce a person’s consumption of added sugars while still allowing them to enjoy the flavour of something sweet. While some of these sweeteners are low-calorie and others are calorie-free, they are typically referred to together as sugar alternatives, high-intensity sweeteners, nonnutritive sweeteners, or low-calorie sweeteners.
Sucralose is produced by a process that begins with table sugar (sucrose), although it is not sugar. On the molecule of sucrose, three specific hydroxyl groups are substituted with three chlorine atoms. The structure of sucralose prevents digestive enzymes from breaking it down, which is an intrinsic aspect of its safety.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, therefore only small amounts are required to equal sugar’s sweetness. Sucralose is allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a general-purpose sweetener, which means it can be added to any food or beverage. Sucralose is highly stable, thus sucralose-sweetened foods and beverages remain sweet under a broad variety of situations. This includes frozen delicacies such as frozen treats, as well as foods that require high temperatures to be prepared, such as baked products and meals that require sterilisation. However, a recipe that substitutes sucralose for sugar may provide a slightly different result since, in addition to sweetness, sugar plays numerous roles in recipes linked to volume and texture, which vary depending on the type of recipe.
Fans of calorie-free sugar adore sucralose because it lacks the unpleasant aftertaste of other artificial sweeteners. Perhaps this is why it’s so difficult to avoid. Before licensing it as a sweetener in 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration examined over 110 safety investigations. Since then, however, research has raised concerns over the safety of sucralose. A registered dietician, Kate Patton, RD states, “while it is usually considered safe, there are some reasons for concern.”
But does sucralose impact your gut? Your digestive tract is teeming with beneficial bacteria. The microbiome has multiple crucial functions, including aiding with digestion and boosting the immune system. However, a number of studies indicate that sucralose may not be the best for these small helpers. According to research conducted on rodents, sucralose disrupts the microbiota balance, which might contribute to an increase in inflammation. Patton states, “We know that chronic inflammation can contribute to a range of health issues, including obesity and diabetes.” However, more information is required to determine whether sucralose has the same effect on human microbiomes as it does on animal microbiomes.
When you consume a sugary snack, your body creates the hormone insulin to assist regulate blood sugar levels. People believed that artificial sweeteners would not be as effective. This makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among diabetics, who must regularly manage their blood sugar levels. However, it is unknown precisely how sucralose impacts blood sugar and insulin levels. Some research indicates that sucralose does not increase glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals. At least one study indicated, however, that sucralose can boost blood sugar and insulin levels in obese individuals who do not typically consume artificial sweeteners. Patton states that additional research is required to elucidate the issue. Instead of substituting sugar with sucralose, it is preferable to discover other strategies to reduce sugar intake.
So what is the judgement about sucralose? It is complicated. The research has indeed generated some worries. Long-term consumption of sucralose has not, however, been associated with any direct harmful health impacts. This is true for both healthy and diabetic individuals. Sucralose may create issues at greater doses, but most people consume nowhere near that quantity, according to Patton. If you consume sucralose seldom and in moderation, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on your health.
Extract B: Diabetes: Taking Care of One’s Body
If you have diabetes, you know why it’s important to limit the amount of sugar you eat or drink. It’s generally easy to spot natural sugars in your drinks and food. Processed sugars can be a bit more challenging to pinpoint.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener often used in place of sugar. One of the major benefits of sucralose is that it has zero calories. You may find this helpful if you’re trying to manage your daily calorie intake or dieting. Sucralose is sweeter than sugar leading many people to favour the substitute over the original. Because of this, you need only a small amount of sucralose to get a very sweet taste in your food or beverage.
To add, sucralose may affect your gut health. The friendly bacteria in your gut are extremely important for your overall health, benefiting your immune system, heart, weight and other health aspects. Rodent studies indicate that sucralose can modify intestinal microbiota and may eliminate some of these good bacteria, leading to inflammation of internal organs, like the liver.
Vivo studies show that sucralose may alter hormone levels in your digestive tract, leading to abnormalities that may contribute to metabolic disorders like obesity or even type 2 diabetes. Additionally, research also shows that metabolic alterations caused by sucralose can lead to glucose intolerance, which increases your risk for diabetes. More research is necessary to fully understand the link between sucralose and gut health, including more human studies. But it is not entirely harmless.
So how does sucralose affect people with diabetes? Artificial sweeteners like sucralose are marketed as sugar substitutes that don’t raise blood sugar levels, making them a safer choice for diabetics. While these claims seem promising, they have yet to be confirmed by multiple large studies. Previous studies have found sucralose to have little to no effects on blood sugar levels in individuals of average weight who regularly used sucralose. But more recent research suggests that it can cause blood sugar levels to spike in other populations. A small study found that sucralose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20% in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume artificial sweeteners. These results indicate that sucralose may elevate blood sugar levels in new users but have little effect on regular consumers.
For individuals with diabetes who do not produce insulin or do not respond to the hormone properly, a spike in blood sugar levels could cause serious health problems. If you have diabetes, you may want to limit your sucralose intake.
The bottom line is, sucralose may be a zero-calorie sugar substitute that can help you lose weight, but it may raise blood sugar levels and affect your gut health. This can lead to health consequences, especially if you have diabetes. So before adding sucralose to your diet, check with your doctor to make sure they believe it’s the right choice for you and your diabetes management. If you do decide to use sucralose, you may want to practise moderation and monitor your blood sugar levels after consumption.
Which paragraph from extract A has the same idea with extract B’s third paragraph?
Read the following extracts and then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: What You Should Know About Sucralose
Sucralose is a calorie-free sweetener that can be used to reduce a person’s consumption of added sugars while still allowing them to enjoy the flavour of something sweet. While some of these sweeteners are low-calorie and others are calorie-free, they are typically referred to together as sugar alternatives, high-intensity sweeteners, nonnutritive sweeteners, or low-calorie sweeteners.
Sucralose is produced by a process that begins with table sugar (sucrose), although it is not sugar. On the molecule of sucrose, three specific hydroxyl groups are substituted with three chlorine atoms. The structure of sucralose prevents digestive enzymes from breaking it down, which is an intrinsic aspect of its safety.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, therefore only small amounts are required to equal sugar’s sweetness. Sucralose is allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a general-purpose sweetener, which means it can be added to any food or beverage. Sucralose is highly stable, thus sucralose-sweetened foods and beverages remain sweet under a broad variety of situations. This includes frozen delicacies such as frozen treats, as well as foods that require high temperatures to be prepared, such as baked products and meals that require sterilisation. However, a recipe that substitutes sucralose for sugar may provide a slightly different result since, in addition to sweetness, sugar plays numerous roles in recipes linked to volume and texture, which vary depending on the type of recipe.
Fans of calorie-free sugar adore sucralose because it lacks the unpleasant aftertaste of other artificial sweeteners. Perhaps this is why it’s so difficult to avoid. Before licensing it as a sweetener in 1998, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration examined over 110 safety investigations. Since then, however, research has raised concerns over the safety of sucralose. A registered dietician, Kate Patton, RD states, “while it is usually considered safe, there are some reasons for concern.”
But does sucralose impact your gut? Your digestive tract is teeming with beneficial bacteria. The microbiome has multiple crucial functions, including aiding with digestion and boosting the immune system. However, a number of studies indicate that sucralose may not be the best for these small helpers. According to research conducted on rodents, sucralose disrupts the microbiota balance, which might contribute to an increase in inflammation. Patton states, “We know that chronic inflammation can contribute to a range of health issues, including obesity and diabetes.” However, more information is required to determine whether sucralose has the same effect on human microbiomes as it does on animal microbiomes.
When you consume a sugary snack, your body creates the hormone insulin to assist regulate blood sugar levels. People believed that artificial sweeteners would not be as effective. This makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among diabetics, who must regularly manage their blood sugar levels. However, it is unknown precisely how sucralose impacts blood sugar and insulin levels. Some research indicates that sucralose does not increase glucose and insulin levels in healthy individuals. At least one study indicated, however, that sucralose can boost blood sugar and insulin levels in obese individuals who do not typically consume artificial sweeteners. Patton states that additional research is required to elucidate the issue. Instead of substituting sugar with sucralose, it is preferable to discover other strategies to reduce sugar intake.
So what is the judgement about sucralose? It is complicated. The research has indeed generated some worries. Long-term consumption of sucralose has not, however, been associated with any direct harmful health impacts. This is true for both healthy and diabetic individuals. Sucralose may create issues at greater doses, but most people consume nowhere near that quantity, according to Patton. If you consume sucralose seldom and in moderation, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on your health.
Extract B: Diabetes: Taking Care of One’s Body
If you have diabetes, you know why it’s important to limit the amount of sugar you eat or drink. It’s generally easy to spot natural sugars in your drinks and food. Processed sugars can be a bit more challenging to pinpoint.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener often used in place of sugar. One of the major benefits of sucralose is that it has zero calories. You may find this helpful if you’re trying to manage your daily calorie intake or dieting. Sucralose is sweeter than sugar leading many people to favour the substitute over the original. Because of this, you need only a small amount of sucralose to get a very sweet taste in your food or beverage.
To add, sucralose may affect your gut health. The friendly bacteria in your gut are extremely important for your overall health, benefiting your immune system, heart, weight and other health aspects. Rodent studies indicate that sucralose can modify intestinal microbiota and may eliminate some of these good bacteria, leading to inflammation of internal organs, like the liver.
Vivo studies show that sucralose may alter hormone levels in your digestive tract, leading to abnormalities that may contribute to metabolic disorders like obesity or even type 2 diabetes. Additionally, research also shows that metabolic alterations caused by sucralose can lead to glucose intolerance, which increases your risk for diabetes. More research is necessary to fully understand the link between sucralose and gut health, including more human studies. But it is not entirely harmless.
So how does sucralose affect people with diabetes? Artificial sweeteners like sucralose are marketed as sugar substitutes that don’t raise blood sugar levels, making them a safer choice for diabetics. While these claims seem promising, they have yet to be confirmed by multiple large studies. Previous studies have found sucralose to have little to no effects on blood sugar levels in individuals of average weight who regularly used sucralose. But more recent research suggests that it can cause blood sugar levels to spike in other populations. A small study found that sucralose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20% in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume artificial sweeteners. These results indicate that sucralose may elevate blood sugar levels in new users but have little effect on regular consumers.
For individuals with diabetes who do not produce insulin or do not respond to the hormone properly, a spike in blood sugar levels could cause serious health problems. If you have diabetes, you may want to limit your sucralose intake.
The bottom line is, sucralose may be a zero-calorie sugar substitute that can help you lose weight, but it may raise blood sugar levels and affect your gut health. This can lead to health consequences, especially if you have diabetes. So before adding sucralose to your diet, check with your doctor to make sure they believe it’s the right choice for you and your diabetes management. If you do decide to use sucralose, you may want to practise moderation and monitor your blood sugar levels after consumption.
Which is NOT mentioned in any of the extracts?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Filter by Suma Subramaniam
I come from a country so far away
that you may have visited only in your dreams.
My face does not bear the pale colour of my palms.
I don’t speak your language at home.
I don’t even sound like you. 5
If you come to my house, you’ll see my family:
my mother in a sari,
my father wearing a sacred thread around his body,
and me, eating a plate of spicy biryani
instead of a burger or pizza 10
at the dinner table.
If you, for a moment, shed your filter,
you will also see my pockets filled with Tootsie Rolls,
waiting to be shared with you.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
The following are themes explored in the poem, EXCEPT:
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Filter by Suma Subramaniam
I come from a country so far away
that you may have visited only in your dreams.
My face does not bear the pale colour of my palms.
I don’t speak your language at home.
I don’t even sound like you. 5
If you come to my house, you’ll see my family:
my mother in a sari,
my father wearing a sacred thread around his body,
and me, eating a plate of spicy biryani
instead of a burger or pizza 10
at the dinner table.
If you, for a moment, shed your filter,
you will also see my pockets filled with Tootsie Rolls,
waiting to be shared with you.
What point-of-view is utilised in the poem?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Filter by Suma Subramaniam
I come from a country so far away
that you may have visited only in your dreams.
My face does not bear the pale colour of my palms.
I don’t speak your language at home.
I don’t even sound like you. 5
If you come to my house, you’ll see my family:
my mother in a sari,
my father wearing a sacred thread around his body,
and me, eating a plate of spicy biryani
instead of a burger or pizza 10
at the dinner table.
If you, for a moment, shed your filter,
you will also see my pockets filled with Tootsie Rolls,
waiting to be shared with you.
What is the metaphorical representation of line nine’s “filter”?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Filter by Suma Subramaniam
I come from a country so far away
that you may have visited only in your dreams.
My face does not bear the pale colour of my palms.
I don’t speak your language at home.
I don’t even sound like you. 5
If you come to my house, you’ll see my family:
my mother in a sari,
my father wearing a sacred thread around his body,
and me, eating a plate of spicy biryani
instead of a burger or pizza 10
at the dinner table.
If you, for a moment, shed your filter,
you will also see my pockets filled with Tootsie Rolls,
waiting to be shared with you.
What is the poem all about?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Filter by Suma Subramaniam
I come from a country so far away
that you may have visited only in your dreams.
My face does not bear the pale colour of my palms.
I don’t speak your language at home.
I don’t even sound like you. 5
If you come to my house, you’ll see my family:
my mother in a sari,
my father wearing a sacred thread around his body,
and me, eating a plate of spicy biryani
instead of a burger or pizza 10
at the dinner table.
If you, for a moment, shed your filter,
you will also see my pockets filled with Tootsie Rolls,
waiting to be shared with you.
What does the speaker mean in line 8?
Read the article below then answer the questions.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
National Ice Cream Month
It is well-documented that former US President Ronald Reagan enjoyed jelly beans, which were a constant item during his 8-year presidency. 11……………….. Mr. Reagan signed Proclamation 5219 on July 9, 1984, declaring the month of July to be National Ice Cream Month in order to honour the delectable dessert. The proclamation encourages individuals to observe the entire month, or at least the third Sunday of July — National Ice Cream Day — “with suitable ceremonies and events.” As you may have guessed, this entails eating as much of the frozen treat as possible. As you complete your civic duties, here are some ice cream trivia questions to keep you occupied.
There is no definitive date of creation or creator who has been credited with the dessert’s creation. Some ascribe it to the Persians, who in 500 B.C. created a sorbet-like dessert by pouring grape juice concentrate over snow. 12……………….. During the Tang dynasty in China, milk-based ice cream was produced with heated fermented milk, flour, and camphor (618 – 907 AD). In the ninth century, the Arabs are credited with establishing the contemporary recipe, which calls for milk and sugar as the major ingredients. By the 10th century, the milk, cream, flavoured rosewater, dried fruits, and nuts-based beverage was reportedly a staple in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo.
Although Europeans discovered the dish in the 16th century, it was not mentioned in the United States until 1744, when Governor Thomas Bladen of Maryland presented strawberry ice cream to guests. 13……………….. Ice cream did not become widely available until 1851, when a milkman called Jacob Fussell opened the first factory in Pennsylvania. However, the nation has made up for the lost years and then some. Americans are the largest eaters of ice cream in the world, consuming an average of 48 pints per person and spending $5.47 billion yearly on the dessert. If restaurant sales are included, the figure is significantly greater. Although California produces the most ice cream, Washington, DC, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin have the highest per capita consumption.
Vanilla, followed by chocolate, is nearly widely regarded as the most popular flavour of ice cream among the more than a thousand that have been documented. Also, while the addition of uncommon components may appear to be a recent innovation, the concept is not novel. A 1790 cookbook included recipes for Parmesan, ginger, and even ice cream flavoured with brown bread! Dr. Alan Hirsch, the founder of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, believes that your choice of ice cream is a reflection of your personality, despite the fact that you may assume it to be based only on your taste preferences. Vanilla ice cream lovers are impulsive relationship experts, and chocolate ice cream lovers are vivacious, charming, and a touch dramatic. It is said that strawberry ice cream lovers are reclusive, whereas mint chocolate chip ice cream lovers are ambitious and combative. 14………………..
The good news for those who experience brain freezes is that they can be prevented by understanding the science behind them. 15……………….. This confines blood in the brain, causing the excruciating shooting pain known as brain freeze. Simply press your tongue on the roof of your mouth to prevent this from happening. As the sensors warm up, the blood vessels relax, allowing you to enjoy cold foods without discomfort.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in paragraph 11.
Read the article below then answer the questions.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
National Ice Cream Month
It is well-documented that former US President Ronald Reagan enjoyed jelly beans, which were a constant item during his 8-year presidency. 11……………….. Mr. Reagan signed Proclamation 5219 on July 9, 1984, declaring the month of July to be National Ice Cream Month in order to honour the delectable dessert. The proclamation encourages individuals to observe the entire month, or at least the third Sunday of July — National Ice Cream Day — “with suitable ceremonies and events.” As you may have guessed, this entails eating as much of the frozen treat as possible. As you complete your civic duties, here are some ice cream trivia questions to keep you occupied.
There is no definitive date of creation or creator who has been credited with the dessert’s creation. Some ascribe it to the Persians, who in 500 B.C. created a sorbet-like dessert by pouring grape juice concentrate over snow. 12……………….. During the Tang dynasty in China, milk-based ice cream was produced with heated fermented milk, flour, and camphor (618 – 907 AD). In the ninth century, the Arabs are credited with establishing the contemporary recipe, which calls for milk and sugar as the major ingredients. By the 10th century, the milk, cream, flavoured rosewater, dried fruits, and nuts-based beverage was reportedly a staple in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo.
Although Europeans discovered the dish in the 16th century, it was not mentioned in the United States until 1744, when Governor Thomas Bladen of Maryland presented strawberry ice cream to guests. 13……………….. Ice cream did not become widely available until 1851, when a milkman called Jacob Fussell opened the first factory in Pennsylvania. However, the nation has made up for the lost years and then some. Americans are the largest eaters of ice cream in the world, consuming an average of 48 pints per person and spending $5.47 billion yearly on the dessert. If restaurant sales are included, the figure is significantly greater. Although California produces the most ice cream, Washington, DC, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin have the highest per capita consumption.
Vanilla, followed by chocolate, is nearly widely regarded as the most popular flavour of ice cream among the more than a thousand that have been documented. Also, while the addition of uncommon components may appear to be a recent innovation, the concept is not novel. A 1790 cookbook included recipes for Parmesan, ginger, and even ice cream flavoured with brown bread! Dr. Alan Hirsch, the founder of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, believes that your choice of ice cream is a reflection of your personality, despite the fact that you may assume it to be based only on your taste preferences. Vanilla ice cream lovers are impulsive relationship experts, and chocolate ice cream lovers are vivacious, charming, and a touch dramatic. It is said that strawberry ice cream lovers are reclusive, whereas mint chocolate chip ice cream lovers are ambitious and combative. 14………………..
The good news for those who experience brain freezes is that they can be prevented by understanding the science behind them. 15……………….. This confines blood in the brain, causing the excruciating shooting pain known as brain freeze. Simply press your tongue on the roof of your mouth to prevent this from happening. As the sensors warm up, the blood vessels relax, allowing you to enjoy cold foods without discomfort.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in paragraph 12.
Read the article below then answer the questions.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
National Ice Cream Month
It is well-documented that former US President Ronald Reagan enjoyed jelly beans, which were a constant item during his 8-year presidency. 11……………….. Mr. Reagan signed Proclamation 5219 on July 9, 1984, declaring the month of July to be National Ice Cream Month in order to honour the delectable dessert. The proclamation encourages individuals to observe the entire month, or at least the third Sunday of July — National Ice Cream Day — “with suitable ceremonies and events.” As you may have guessed, this entails eating as much of the frozen treat as possible. As you complete your civic duties, here are some ice cream trivia questions to keep you occupied.
There is no definitive date of creation or creator who has been credited with the dessert’s creation. Some ascribe it to the Persians, who in 500 B.C. created a sorbet-like dessert by pouring grape juice concentrate over snow. 12……………….. During the Tang dynasty in China, milk-based ice cream was produced with heated fermented milk, flour, and camphor (618 – 907 AD). In the ninth century, the Arabs are credited with establishing the contemporary recipe, which calls for milk and sugar as the major ingredients. By the 10th century, the milk, cream, flavoured rosewater, dried fruits, and nuts-based beverage was reportedly a staple in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo.
Although Europeans discovered the dish in the 16th century, it was not mentioned in the United States until 1744, when Governor Thomas Bladen of Maryland presented strawberry ice cream to guests. 13……………….. Ice cream did not become widely available until 1851, when a milkman called Jacob Fussell opened the first factory in Pennsylvania. However, the nation has made up for the lost years and then some. Americans are the largest eaters of ice cream in the world, consuming an average of 48 pints per person and spending $5.47 billion yearly on the dessert. If restaurant sales are included, the figure is significantly greater. Although California produces the most ice cream, Washington, DC, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin have the highest per capita consumption.
Vanilla, followed by chocolate, is nearly widely regarded as the most popular flavour of ice cream among the more than a thousand that have been documented. Also, while the addition of uncommon components may appear to be a recent innovation, the concept is not novel. A 1790 cookbook included recipes for Parmesan, ginger, and even ice cream flavoured with brown bread! Dr. Alan Hirsch, the founder of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, believes that your choice of ice cream is a reflection of your personality, despite the fact that you may assume it to be based only on your taste preferences. Vanilla ice cream lovers are impulsive relationship experts, and chocolate ice cream lovers are vivacious, charming, and a touch dramatic. It is said that strawberry ice cream lovers are reclusive, whereas mint chocolate chip ice cream lovers are ambitious and combative. 14………………..
The good news for those who experience brain freezes is that they can be prevented by understanding the science behind them. 15……………….. This confines blood in the brain, causing the excruciating shooting pain known as brain freeze. Simply press your tongue on the roof of your mouth to prevent this from happening. As the sensors warm up, the blood vessels relax, allowing you to enjoy cold foods without discomfort.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in paragraph 13.
Read the article below then answer the questions.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
National Ice Cream Month
It is well-documented that former US President Ronald Reagan enjoyed jelly beans, which were a constant item during his 8-year presidency. 11……………….. Mr. Reagan signed Proclamation 5219 on July 9, 1984, declaring the month of July to be National Ice Cream Month in order to honour the delectable dessert. The proclamation encourages individuals to observe the entire month, or at least the third Sunday of July — National Ice Cream Day — “with suitable ceremonies and events.” As you may have guessed, this entails eating as much of the frozen treat as possible. As you complete your civic duties, here are some ice cream trivia questions to keep you occupied.
There is no definitive date of creation or creator who has been credited with the dessert’s creation. Some ascribe it to the Persians, who in 500 B.C. created a sorbet-like dessert by pouring grape juice concentrate over snow. 12……………….. During the Tang dynasty in China, milk-based ice cream was produced with heated fermented milk, flour, and camphor (618 – 907 AD). In the ninth century, the Arabs are credited with establishing the contemporary recipe, which calls for milk and sugar as the major ingredients. By the 10th century, the milk, cream, flavoured rosewater, dried fruits, and nuts-based beverage was reportedly a staple in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo.
Although Europeans discovered the dish in the 16th century, it was not mentioned in the United States until 1744, when Governor Thomas Bladen of Maryland presented strawberry ice cream to guests. 13……………….. Ice cream did not become widely available until 1851, when a milkman called Jacob Fussell opened the first factory in Pennsylvania. However, the nation has made up for the lost years and then some. Americans are the largest eaters of ice cream in the world, consuming an average of 48 pints per person and spending $5.47 billion yearly on the dessert. If restaurant sales are included, the figure is significantly greater. Although California produces the most ice cream, Washington, DC, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin have the highest per capita consumption.
Vanilla, followed by chocolate, is nearly widely regarded as the most popular flavour of ice cream among the more than a thousand that have been documented. Also, while the addition of uncommon components may appear to be a recent innovation, the concept is not novel. A 1790 cookbook included recipes for Parmesan, ginger, and even ice cream flavoured with brown bread! Dr. Alan Hirsch, the founder of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, believes that your choice of ice cream is a reflection of your personality, despite the fact that you may assume it to be based only on your taste preferences. Vanilla ice cream lovers are impulsive relationship experts, and chocolate ice cream lovers are vivacious, charming, and a touch dramatic. It is said that strawberry ice cream lovers are reclusive, whereas mint chocolate chip ice cream lovers are ambitious and combative. 14………………..
The good news for those who experience brain freezes is that they can be prevented by understanding the science behind them. 15……………….. This confines blood in the brain, causing the excruciating shooting pain known as brain freeze. Simply press your tongue on the roof of your mouth to prevent this from happening. As the sensors warm up, the blood vessels relax, allowing you to enjoy cold foods without discomfort.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in paragraph 14.
Read the article below then answer the questions.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
National Ice Cream Month
It is well-documented that former US President Ronald Reagan enjoyed jelly beans, which were a constant item during his 8-year presidency. 11……………….. Mr. Reagan signed Proclamation 5219 on July 9, 1984, declaring the month of July to be National Ice Cream Month in order to honour the delectable dessert. The proclamation encourages individuals to observe the entire month, or at least the third Sunday of July — National Ice Cream Day — “with suitable ceremonies and events.” As you may have guessed, this entails eating as much of the frozen treat as possible. As you complete your civic duties, here are some ice cream trivia questions to keep you occupied.
There is no definitive date of creation or creator who has been credited with the dessert’s creation. Some ascribe it to the Persians, who in 500 B.C. created a sorbet-like dessert by pouring grape juice concentrate over snow. 12……………….. During the Tang dynasty in China, milk-based ice cream was produced with heated fermented milk, flour, and camphor (618 – 907 AD). In the ninth century, the Arabs are credited with establishing the contemporary recipe, which calls for milk and sugar as the major ingredients. By the 10th century, the milk, cream, flavoured rosewater, dried fruits, and nuts-based beverage was reportedly a staple in Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo.
Although Europeans discovered the dish in the 16th century, it was not mentioned in the United States until 1744, when Governor Thomas Bladen of Maryland presented strawberry ice cream to guests. 13……………….. Ice cream did not become widely available until 1851, when a milkman called Jacob Fussell opened the first factory in Pennsylvania. However, the nation has made up for the lost years and then some. Americans are the largest eaters of ice cream in the world, consuming an average of 48 pints per person and spending $5.47 billion yearly on the dessert. If restaurant sales are included, the figure is significantly greater. Although California produces the most ice cream, Washington, DC, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin have the highest per capita consumption.
Vanilla, followed by chocolate, is nearly widely regarded as the most popular flavour of ice cream among the more than a thousand that have been documented. Also, while the addition of uncommon components may appear to be a recent innovation, the concept is not novel. A 1790 cookbook included recipes for Parmesan, ginger, and even ice cream flavoured with brown bread! Dr. Alan Hirsch, the founder of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, believes that your choice of ice cream is a reflection of your personality, despite the fact that you may assume it to be based only on your taste preferences. Vanilla ice cream lovers are impulsive relationship experts, and chocolate ice cream lovers are vivacious, charming, and a touch dramatic. It is said that strawberry ice cream lovers are reclusive, whereas mint chocolate chip ice cream lovers are ambitious and combative. 14………………..
The good news for those who experience brain freezes is that they can be prevented by understanding the science behind them. 15……………….. This confines blood in the brain, causing the excruciating shooting pain known as brain freeze. Simply press your tongue on the roof of your mouth to prevent this from happening. As the sensors warm up, the blood vessels relax, allowing you to enjoy cold foods without discomfort.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in paragraph 15.
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about a diverse type of interior design where any colour, decor or even pattern is acceptable as long as the client adores it?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Which extract mentions about a cosy type of interior design that is characterised by the number of natural embellishments, muted shades and adorable furniture that emphasise grace?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Which extract mentions about a simple type of interior design that prioritises cost, usefulness, austerity and humble interiors?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Which extract mentions about a type of interior design inspired by storehouses and incorporates a tall roof height, hanging alloy lights, functional furniture and a mixture of old wood pieces?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Which extract mentions about a type of interior design that highlights antique furnishings, fabrics and carpets with a global prestige, and things collected from personal trips and farmer’s markets?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
The Dwarf Giraffes
Being taller than eight feet would be intimidating or, at the very least, respectable for most species. Unless you are a giraffe (the tallest animal on earth) surrounded by peers who are at least twice as tall! Gimli and Nigel are the only known “little” giraffes in the world. Gimli, named after the heroic dwarf from the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy, was spotted in Uganda’s Murchison Falls National Park for the first time in 2015, during a routine photographic survey to track animal populations.
Dr. Michael Brown, a conservation research fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, told Forbes, “We almost did a double-take when we spotted this peculiar giraffe to ensure that our eyes were not deceiving us.” In December 2016 and March 2017, researchers were able to confirm its presence twice more, which is a blessing. Dr. Brown estimates that Gimli was around 15 months old at the time of his last sighting.
In 2018, the even shorter, 2.5-meter-tall Nigel was discovered on a private Namibian property. The 2014-born four-year-old was discovered as he or she approached adulthood. “Although the Namibian farmer had frequently observed Nigel over the years, it wasn’t until our observations that he realised Nigel was an adult male giraffe and not a juvenile,” said Emma Wells, a researcher with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation who photographed Nigel. His height difference is most evident when compared to other giraffes. The research indicates that the body structures of the two male giraffes differ. Gimli has an unusually big bulk and short, stumpy legs, whereas Nigel is small. “The Ugandan giraffe had shorter metacarpal and radius bones, but a normal-sized neck for a subadult giraffe,” Dr. Brown said. In contrast, the Namibian giraffe had shorter than predicted metacarpal, radius, and neck dimensions for a giraffe of its age.
The researchers believe that both giraffe species suffer from skeletal dysplasia or dwarfism, despite the fact that they are separate and unrelated. This hereditary disease creates unusually short bones. Although the disease has been identified in humans and a few domestic animals, including dogs and pigs, it has never been reported in wild animals. According to Dr. Brown, instances of these skeletal dysplasias in wild animals are quite rare. Due to the fact that giraffes use their long legs to both flee from and kick predators, the two dwarf creatures, particularly Gimli with his small legs, are at a significant disadvantage in the habitat. Dr. Brown believes their chances of living a long life are favourable, given that they have both survived the critical first year. Additionally, they occupy places with low predation rates. We genuinely hope that these beautiful creatures live for a very long time.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What is the main purpose of the text?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
The Dwarf Giraffes
Being taller than eight feet would be intimidating or, at the very least, respectable for most species. Unless you are a giraffe (the tallest animal on earth) surrounded by peers who are at least twice as tall! Gimli and Nigel are the only known “little” giraffes in the world. Gimli, named after the heroic dwarf from the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy, was spotted in Uganda’s Murchison Falls National Park for the first time in 2015, during a routine photographic survey to track animal populations.
Dr. Michael Brown, a conservation research fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, told Forbes, “We almost did a double-take when we spotted this peculiar giraffe to ensure that our eyes were not deceiving us.” In December 2016 and March 2017, researchers were able to confirm its presence twice more, which is a blessing. Dr. Brown estimates that Gimli was around 15 months old at the time of his last sighting.
In 2018, the even shorter, 2.5-meter-tall Nigel was discovered on a private Namibian property. The 2014-born four-year-old was discovered as he or she approached adulthood. “Although the Namibian farmer had frequently observed Nigel over the years, it wasn’t until our observations that he realised Nigel was an adult male giraffe and not a juvenile,” said Emma Wells, a researcher with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation who photographed Nigel. His height difference is most evident when compared to other giraffes. The research indicates that the body structures of the two male giraffes differ. Gimli has an unusually big bulk and short, stumpy legs, whereas Nigel is small. “The Ugandan giraffe had shorter metacarpal and radius bones, but a normal-sized neck for a subadult giraffe,” Dr. Brown said. In contrast, the Namibian giraffe had shorter than predicted metacarpal, radius, and neck dimensions for a giraffe of its age.
The researchers believe that both giraffe species suffer from skeletal dysplasia or dwarfism, despite the fact that they are separate and unrelated. This hereditary disease creates unusually short bones. Although the disease has been identified in humans and a few domestic animals, including dogs and pigs, it has never been reported in wild animals. According to Dr. Brown, instances of these skeletal dysplasias in wild animals are quite rare. Due to the fact that giraffes use their long legs to both flee from and kick predators, the two dwarf creatures, particularly Gimli with his small legs, are at a significant disadvantage in the habitat. Dr. Brown believes their chances of living a long life are favourable, given that they have both survived the critical first year. Additionally, they occupy places with low predation rates. We genuinely hope that these beautiful creatures live for a very long time.
What led to the discovery of the presence of Gimli and Nigel?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
The Dwarf Giraffes
Being taller than eight feet would be intimidating or, at the very least, respectable for most species. Unless you are a giraffe (the tallest animal on earth) surrounded by peers who are at least twice as tall! Gimli and Nigel are the only known “little” giraffes in the world. Gimli, named after the heroic dwarf from the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy, was spotted in Uganda’s Murchison Falls National Park for the first time in 2015, during a routine photographic survey to track animal populations.
Dr. Michael Brown, a conservation research fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, told Forbes, “We almost did a double-take when we spotted this peculiar giraffe to ensure that our eyes were not deceiving us.” In December 2016 and March 2017, researchers were able to confirm its presence twice more, which is a blessing. Dr. Brown estimates that Gimli was around 15 months old at the time of his last sighting.
In 2018, the even shorter, 2.5-meter-tall Nigel was discovered on a private Namibian property. The 2014-born four-year-old was discovered as he or she approached adulthood. “Although the Namibian farmer had frequently observed Nigel over the years, it wasn’t until our observations that he realised Nigel was an adult male giraffe and not a juvenile,” said Emma Wells, a researcher with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation who photographed Nigel. His height difference is most evident when compared to other giraffes. The research indicates that the body structures of the two male giraffes differ. Gimli has an unusually big bulk and short, stumpy legs, whereas Nigel is small. “The Ugandan giraffe had shorter metacarpal and radius bones, but a normal-sized neck for a subadult giraffe,” Dr. Brown said. In contrast, the Namibian giraffe had shorter than predicted metacarpal, radius, and neck dimensions for a giraffe of its age.
The researchers believe that both giraffe species suffer from skeletal dysplasia or dwarfism, despite the fact that they are separate and unrelated. This hereditary disease creates unusually short bones. Although the disease has been identified in humans and a few domestic animals, including dogs and pigs, it has never been reported in wild animals. According to Dr. Brown, instances of these skeletal dysplasias in wild animals are quite rare. Due to the fact that giraffes use their long legs to both flee from and kick predators, the two dwarf creatures, particularly Gimli with his small legs, are at a significant disadvantage in the habitat. Dr. Brown believes their chances of living a long life are favourable, given that they have both survived the critical first year. Additionally, they occupy places with low predation rates. We genuinely hope that these beautiful creatures live for a very long time.
In the second paragraph, why did Dr. Brown almost take a double look at Gimli when he first saw him?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
The Dwarf Giraffes
Being taller than eight feet would be intimidating or, at the very least, respectable for most species. Unless you are a giraffe (the tallest animal on earth) surrounded by peers who are at least twice as tall! Gimli and Nigel are the only known “little” giraffes in the world. Gimli, named after the heroic dwarf from the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy, was spotted in Uganda’s Murchison Falls National Park for the first time in 2015, during a routine photographic survey to track animal populations.
Dr. Michael Brown, a conservation research fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, told Forbes, “We almost did a double-take when we spotted this peculiar giraffe to ensure that our eyes were not deceiving us.” In December 2016 and March 2017, researchers were able to confirm its presence twice more, which is a blessing. Dr. Brown estimates that Gimli was around 15 months old at the time of his last sighting.
In 2018, the even shorter, 2.5-meter-tall Nigel was discovered on a private Namibian property. The 2014-born four-year-old was discovered as he or she approached adulthood. “Although the Namibian farmer had frequently observed Nigel over the years, it wasn’t until our observations that he realised Nigel was an adult male giraffe and not a juvenile,” said Emma Wells, a researcher with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation who photographed Nigel. His height difference is most evident when compared to other giraffes. The research indicates that the body structures of the two male giraffes differ. Gimli has an unusually big bulk and short, stumpy legs, whereas Nigel is small. “The Ugandan giraffe had shorter metacarpal and radius bones, but a normal-sized neck for a subadult giraffe,” Dr. Brown said. In contrast, the Namibian giraffe had shorter than predicted metacarpal, radius, and neck dimensions for a giraffe of its age.
The researchers believe that both giraffe species suffer from skeletal dysplasia or dwarfism, despite the fact that they are separate and unrelated. This hereditary disease creates unusually short bones. Although the disease has been identified in humans and a few domestic animals, including dogs and pigs, it has never been reported in wild animals. According to Dr. Brown, instances of these skeletal dysplasias in wild animals are quite rare. Due to the fact that giraffes use their long legs to both flee from and kick predators, the two dwarf creatures, particularly Gimli with his small legs, are at a significant disadvantage in the habitat. Dr. Brown believes their chances of living a long life are favourable, given that they have both survived the critical first year. Additionally, they occupy places with low predation rates. We genuinely hope that these beautiful creatures live for a very long time.
Which statement concerning the differences between the giraffes’ appearance is FALSE?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
The Dwarf Giraffes
Being taller than eight feet would be intimidating or, at the very least, respectable for most species. Unless you are a giraffe (the tallest animal on earth) surrounded by peers who are at least twice as tall! Gimli and Nigel are the only known “little” giraffes in the world. Gimli, named after the heroic dwarf from the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy, was spotted in Uganda’s Murchison Falls National Park for the first time in 2015, during a routine photographic survey to track animal populations.
Dr. Michael Brown, a conservation research fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, told Forbes, “We almost did a double-take when we spotted this peculiar giraffe to ensure that our eyes were not deceiving us.” In December 2016 and March 2017, researchers were able to confirm its presence twice more, which is a blessing. Dr. Brown estimates that Gimli was around 15 months old at the time of his last sighting.
In 2018, the even shorter, 2.5-meter-tall Nigel was discovered on a private Namibian property. The 2014-born four-year-old was discovered as he or she approached adulthood. “Although the Namibian farmer had frequently observed Nigel over the years, it wasn’t until our observations that he realised Nigel was an adult male giraffe and not a juvenile,” said Emma Wells, a researcher with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation who photographed Nigel. His height difference is most evident when compared to other giraffes. The research indicates that the body structures of the two male giraffes differ. Gimli has an unusually big bulk and short, stumpy legs, whereas Nigel is small. “The Ugandan giraffe had shorter metacarpal and radius bones, but a normal-sized neck for a subadult giraffe,” Dr. Brown said. In contrast, the Namibian giraffe had shorter than predicted metacarpal, radius, and neck dimensions for a giraffe of its age.
The researchers believe that both giraffe species suffer from skeletal dysplasia or dwarfism, despite the fact that they are separate and unrelated. This hereditary disease creates unusually short bones. Although the disease has been identified in humans and a few domestic animals, including dogs and pigs, it has never been reported in wild animals. According to Dr. Brown, instances of these skeletal dysplasias in wild animals are quite rare. Due to the fact that giraffes use their long legs to both flee from and kick predators, the two dwarf creatures, particularly Gimli with his small legs, are at a significant disadvantage in the habitat. Dr. Brown believes their chances of living a long life are favourable, given that they have both survived the critical first year. Additionally, they occupy places with low predation rates. We genuinely hope that these beautiful creatures live for a very long time.
What type of claim is taken from the line, “Being taller than eight feet would be intimidating or, at the very least, respectable for most species”?