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Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: I Can Help
A bang sounded throughout the school hallways as the locker door slammed shut. “Guys let me out! Let me out!” The small boy screamed as he banged his fists against the inside of the locker door. Nelson was more than furious this time. This was one too many times and it pushed him too far. Hot tears streamed down his face and he took off his glasses and wiped the tears away. Before the school closed a janitress came by and realised that there was a boy inside the locker. She let him out. “You okay boy?” She asked. Nelson didn’t reply and checked his phone to call his parents but it was out of battery power. “Hey kid, need a ride home? I’m done right now and that bus ain’t comin’ back for you,” said the janitress. Nelson agreed and went with her.
“You okay little man?” The janitress asked as she drove him home. “I’m fed up with being thrown in lockers and trash cans and shoved around all the time. Even when they bully me to do their homework, they still bully me anyway. I’m sick of it! I’m not doing anyone else’s homework ever again!” he said. “Have you told your parents?” she inquired. “I’ve tried to, but my parents live their own lives and don’t care,” said Nelson. The janitress continued driving in silence, not sure what else to say and eventually slowed her driving in front of Nelson’s house. Nelson stepped out of the truck and paused when she told him, “Keep telling’ your parents, okay little man?” “Thanks,” Nelson muttered.
The next day, Nelson wandered through school with a dark cloud of hate for everyone around him. He wondered what he could do to earn some respect and not be picked on anymore. Nelson sat alone in the lunch room in his usual societally designated spot. Randall, the guy responsible for pushing Nelson into the locker, had his food tray in hand and was about to go to his table. Nelson wished there was something he could do to make his life better.
“Watch it, man! What’s the matter with’ chu?” an intimidating guy asked, as he nearly got food dumped on him by Randall. Randall was startled by the intensity of the guy he ran into. Nelson recognized him as Kenny. He wasn’t the kind of guy to cross even on a good day. He and the rest of the gang following him sneered at Randall as they passed him. Nelson grinned. He finally got his answer.
After school, he sought out the gang he saw in the lunchroom. They were hanging around a shaded part of the cement wall bordering the school. Nelson walked up to them and their conversation stopped as he approached. They looked him up and down. “Whatcha starin’ at?” asked the big one. “I want to be a part of your gang.” They all looked at each other and laughed. Nelson remained standing there. He had anticipated their reaction so it came as no surprise to him. “Are you for real?” Kenny asked. “My name is Nelson.” He held out his hand to shake his. The guy, obviously the leader of the group, looked at Nelson’s hand and then back to Nelson. The lead looked around the group trying to get some reactions and approvals. “Alright, you one of us now.” Kenny said with a side smile. Nelson also smiled with a slight grimace, as he finally got what he wanted for a change. Kenny pointed out who was who in the gang. “I’m Kenny. That’s Gigi, Renee, Gordon, Daren, and Pablo.”
“Nice to meet you all.” Nelson said. Randall and his group were passing by when they stopped as Nelson caught his attention. Kenny noticed him and casually walked over. The two guys with him followed. Nelson grimaced at the sight of Randall and his friends’ nervousness as Kenny approached them. “Pickin’ a fight with someone your own size that’s fine, but pickin’ on little kids. Nah man, that’s not cool. You got me?” Kenny said. It took a moment for Randall to get a hold of his words. “Y-yeah I got you.” Randall responded. He and his group walked off as quickly as they could. Kenny and his guys walked back to join the rest of them. “You good kid?” Kenny asked. “Yes, I’m fine.” Nelson smiled. “Welcome to the gang,” Gigi said. She heard a ding on her phone and groaned when she saw the text. “What’s going on?” Renee asked. “My mama gettin’ on me about my grades.” Gigi responded. “I can’t help it if my homework is hard.”
“Text your mom back and tell her you found a tutor.” Nelson said. He sat down at the picnic table. “I’ll help you out.”
Extract B: Navigating the Perils of Social Media
In January, there was a huge party at a venue called LIFE that many boys and girls in my grade attended. I really wanted to attend, but I had other arrangements that evening. I was so disappointed that I couldn’t go that I posted a post on my spam Instagram account that was immature, furious, and disrespectful towards some of the attendees. Instead of admitting that I couldn’t travel, I acted as if I never wanted to go in the first place. A month later, a girl in my class discovered this post and shared it with other students in our class. They began saying horrible things about me while I was within hearing distance. Hearing this, I resolved to approach four or five of the females, apologise for the post, and do my best to make up. They all responded that they understood, and that was the last I heard about it.
Six months later, I uploaded an Instagram photo of myself with the message “Life is good.” A number of individuals attacked my post with vicious and insulting comments about me. I texted the girl who appeared to be spearheading these remarks and asked her why she was writing such harsh things, to which she responded, “It’s a joke and we’re just having fun.” She then continued to write additional derogatory remarks about me and even posted about me on her spam account on purpose for me to see. She threatened me by stating, “I deserved this.” I was terrified and heartbroken when the classmates I believed to be my friends commented on how funny she was and how bothersome I was. Even students from different schools that I did not know participated! I felt assaulted and isolated. My closest friends attempted to console me in private, but nobody had the fortitude to defend me on social media. I got an awful sinking sense that everyone despised me and was discussing me behind my back. I determined that the best course of action was to notify my mother and my family because I was so bewildered and upset. My mother contacted my school advisor, who reminded us that my school’s code of conduct includes a section on cyberbullying that all students must sign.
It states – “Definition – Bullying is the creation of a hostile environment by conduct or verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student’s educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, or emotional, or physical well-being; or conduct, verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for his or her physical safety.” Cyberbullying, which includes electronic remarks sent in e-mails or instant messaging, or on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, or on blogs, etc. The School encourages all school community members to report any bullying instances, regardless of the perpetrator. The School will take prompt and reasonable measures to prevent, investigate, and address bullying. Every student who believes he or she has been bullied must report the incident(s) to the Principal, Grade-Level Dean, Adviser, School Nurse, or School Psychologist.
We determined that this was in fact cyberbullying and chose to report it in order to secure my safety, improve our school community, and educate others about cyberbullying.
I then went to summer camp without my phone for three weeks and escaped the toxic social media environment. I learnt upon my return that the school had called this girl’s mother. She rationalised her conduct by showing them a screenshot of the insulting message I had made in January. Although I was unaware of it, what I had written returned to haunt me, and she explained that it was the reason she decided to post those negative comments about me on social media.
I have given this a great deal of thought and now recognise how crucial it is to be cautious about what you post online. I have learned that despite the fact that people forgive and forget, internet content is permanent and might come back to bother you in the future. The Internet is not the appropriate place to express your emotions and anger against a person or situation. This incident has left me with deep wounds, and I’m sure that many of the other parties involved have also been hurt and distressed. Yesterday, I met up with the girl who wrote all those negative things about me. She apologised to me for the posts she had made, and we agreed that going forward, we would try our best to watch out for one other and only spread compassion on social media.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Both the protagonists in the two extracts experienced bullying. Nevertheless, what was the dissimilarity between the types of bullying that they each encountered?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: I Can Help
A bang sounded throughout the school hallways as the locker door slammed shut. “Guys let me out! Let me out!” The small boy screamed as he banged his fists against the inside of the locker door. Nelson was more than furious this time. This was one too many times and it pushed him too far. Hot tears streamed down his face and he took off his glasses and wiped the tears away. Before the school closed a janitress came by and realised that there was a boy inside the locker. She let him out. “You okay boy?” She asked. Nelson didn’t reply and checked his phone to call his parents but it was out of battery power. “Hey kid, need a ride home? I’m done right now and that bus ain’t comin’ back for you,” said the janitress. Nelson agreed and went with her.
“You okay little man?” The janitress asked as she drove him home. “I’m fed up with being thrown in lockers and trash cans and shoved around all the time. Even when they bully me to do their homework, they still bully me anyway. I’m sick of it! I’m not doing anyone else’s homework ever again!” he said. “Have you told your parents?” she inquired. “I’ve tried to, but my parents live their own lives and don’t care,” said Nelson. The janitress continued driving in silence, not sure what else to say and eventually slowed her driving in front of Nelson’s house. Nelson stepped out of the truck and paused when she told him, “Keep telling’ your parents, okay little man?” “Thanks,” Nelson muttered.
The next day, Nelson wandered through school with a dark cloud of hate for everyone around him. He wondered what he could do to earn some respect and not be picked on anymore. Nelson sat alone in the lunch room in his usual societally designated spot. Randall, the guy responsible for pushing Nelson into the locker, had his food tray in hand and was about to go to his table. Nelson wished there was something he could do to make his life better.
“Watch it, man! What’s the matter with’ chu?” an intimidating guy asked, as he nearly got food dumped on him by Randall. Randall was startled by the intensity of the guy he ran into. Nelson recognized him as Kenny. He wasn’t the kind of guy to cross even on a good day. He and the rest of the gang following him sneered at Randall as they passed him. Nelson grinned. He finally got his answer.
After school, he sought out the gang he saw in the lunchroom. They were hanging around a shaded part of the cement wall bordering the school. Nelson walked up to them and their conversation stopped as he approached. They looked him up and down. “Whatcha starin’ at?” asked the big one. “I want to be a part of your gang.” They all looked at each other and laughed. Nelson remained standing there. He had anticipated their reaction so it came as no surprise to him. “Are you for real?” Kenny asked. “My name is Nelson.” He held out his hand to shake his. The guy, obviously the leader of the group, looked at Nelson’s hand and then back to Nelson. The lead looked around the group trying to get some reactions and approvals. “Alright, you one of us now.” Kenny said with a side smile. Nelson also smiled with a slight grimace, as he finally got what he wanted for a change. Kenny pointed out who was who in the gang. “I’m Kenny. That’s Gigi, Renee, Gordon, Daren, and Pablo.”
“Nice to meet you all.” Nelson said. Randall and his group were passing by when they stopped as Nelson caught his attention. Kenny noticed him and casually walked over. The two guys with him followed. Nelson grimaced at the sight of Randall and his friends’ nervousness as Kenny approached them. “Pickin’ a fight with someone your own size that’s fine, but pickin’ on little kids. Nah man, that’s not cool. You got me?” Kenny said. It took a moment for Randall to get a hold of his words. “Y-yeah I got you.” Randall responded. He and his group walked off as quickly as they could. Kenny and his guys walked back to join the rest of them. “You good kid?” Kenny asked. “Yes, I’m fine.” Nelson smiled. “Welcome to the gang,” Gigi said. She heard a ding on her phone and groaned when she saw the text. “What’s going on?” Renee asked. “My mama gettin’ on me about my grades.” Gigi responded. “I can’t help it if my homework is hard.”
“Text your mom back and tell her you found a tutor.” Nelson said. He sat down at the picnic table. “I’ll help you out.”
Extract B: Navigating the Perils of Social Media
In January, there was a huge party at a venue called LIFE that many boys and girls in my grade attended. I really wanted to attend, but I had other arrangements that evening. I was so disappointed that I couldn’t go that I posted a post on my spam Instagram account that was immature, furious, and disrespectful towards some of the attendees. Instead of admitting that I couldn’t travel, I acted as if I never wanted to go in the first place. A month later, a girl in my class discovered this post and shared it with other students in our class. They began saying horrible things about me while I was within hearing distance. Hearing this, I resolved to approach four or five of the females, apologise for the post, and do my best to make up. They all responded that they understood, and that was the last I heard about it.
Six months later, I uploaded an Instagram photo of myself with the message “Life is good.” A number of individuals attacked my post with vicious and insulting comments about me. I texted the girl who appeared to be spearheading these remarks and asked her why she was writing such harsh things, to which she responded, “It’s a joke and we’re just having fun.” She then continued to write additional derogatory remarks about me and even posted about me on her spam account on purpose for me to see. She threatened me by stating, “I deserved this.” I was terrified and heartbroken when the classmates I believed to be my friends commented on how funny she was and how bothersome I was. Even students from different schools that I did not know participated! I felt assaulted and isolated. My closest friends attempted to console me in private, but nobody had the fortitude to defend me on social media. I got an awful sinking sense that everyone despised me and was discussing me behind my back. I determined that the best course of action was to notify my mother and my family because I was so bewildered and upset. My mother contacted my school advisor, who reminded us that my school’s code of conduct includes a section on cyberbullying that all students must sign.
It states – “Definition – Bullying is the creation of a hostile environment by conduct or verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student’s educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, or emotional, or physical well-being; or conduct, verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for his or her physical safety.” Cyberbullying, which includes electronic remarks sent in e-mails or instant messaging, or on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, or on blogs, etc. The School encourages all school community members to report any bullying instances, regardless of the perpetrator. The School will take prompt and reasonable measures to prevent, investigate, and address bullying. Every student who believes he or she has been bullied must report the incident(s) to the Principal, Grade-Level Dean, Adviser, School Nurse, or School Psychologist.
We determined that this was in fact cyberbullying and chose to report it in order to secure my safety, improve our school community, and educate others about cyberbullying.
I then went to summer camp without my phone for three weeks and escaped the toxic social media environment. I learnt upon my return that the school had called this girl’s mother. She rationalised her conduct by showing them a screenshot of the insulting message I had made in January. Although I was unaware of it, what I had written returned to haunt me, and she explained that it was the reason she decided to post those negative comments about me on social media.
I have given this a great deal of thought and now recognise how crucial it is to be cautious about what you post online. I have learned that despite the fact that people forgive and forget, internet content is permanent and might come back to bother you in the future. The Internet is not the appropriate place to express your emotions and anger against a person or situation. This incident has left me with deep wounds, and I’m sure that many of the other parties involved have also been hurt and distressed. Yesterday, I met up with the girl who wrote all those negative things about me. She apologised to me for the posts she had made, and we agreed that going forward, we would try our best to watch out for one other and only spread compassion on social media.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
How do the narrator in extract B and Nelson in extract A differ in terms of their personalities?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: I Can Help
A bang sounded throughout the school hallways as the locker door slammed shut. “Guys let me out! Let me out!” The small boy screamed as he banged his fists against the inside of the locker door. Nelson was more than furious this time. This was one too many times and it pushed him too far. Hot tears streamed down his face and he took off his glasses and wiped the tears away. Before the school closed a janitress came by and realised that there was a boy inside the locker. She let him out. “You okay boy?” She asked. Nelson didn’t reply and checked his phone to call his parents but it was out of battery power. “Hey kid, need a ride home? I’m done right now and that bus ain’t comin’ back for you,” said the janitress. Nelson agreed and went with her.
“You okay little man?” The janitress asked as she drove him home. “I’m fed up with being thrown in lockers and trash cans and shoved around all the time. Even when they bully me to do their homework, they still bully me anyway. I’m sick of it! I’m not doing anyone else’s homework ever again!” he said. “Have you told your parents?” she inquired. “I’ve tried to, but my parents live their own lives and don’t care,” said Nelson. The janitress continued driving in silence, not sure what else to say and eventually slowed her driving in front of Nelson’s house. Nelson stepped out of the truck and paused when she told him, “Keep telling’ your parents, okay little man?” “Thanks,” Nelson muttered.
The next day, Nelson wandered through school with a dark cloud of hate for everyone around him. He wondered what he could do to earn some respect and not be picked on anymore. Nelson sat alone in the lunch room in his usual societally designated spot. Randall, the guy responsible for pushing Nelson into the locker, had his food tray in hand and was about to go to his table. Nelson wished there was something he could do to make his life better.
“Watch it, man! What’s the matter with’ chu?” an intimidating guy asked, as he nearly got food dumped on him by Randall. Randall was startled by the intensity of the guy he ran into. Nelson recognized him as Kenny. He wasn’t the kind of guy to cross even on a good day. He and the rest of the gang following him sneered at Randall as they passed him. Nelson grinned. He finally got his answer.
After school, he sought out the gang he saw in the lunchroom. They were hanging around a shaded part of the cement wall bordering the school. Nelson walked up to them and their conversation stopped as he approached. They looked him up and down. “Whatcha starin’ at?” asked the big one. “I want to be a part of your gang.” They all looked at each other and laughed. Nelson remained standing there. He had anticipated their reaction so it came as no surprise to him. “Are you for real?” Kenny asked. “My name is Nelson.” He held out his hand to shake his. The guy, obviously the leader of the group, looked at Nelson’s hand and then back to Nelson. The lead looked around the group trying to get some reactions and approvals. “Alright, you one of us now.” Kenny said with a side smile. Nelson also smiled with a slight grimace, as he finally got what he wanted for a change. Kenny pointed out who was who in the gang. “I’m Kenny. That’s Gigi, Renee, Gordon, Daren, and Pablo.”
“Nice to meet you all.” Nelson said. Randall and his group were passing by when they stopped as Nelson caught his attention. Kenny noticed him and casually walked over. The two guys with him followed. Nelson grimaced at the sight of Randall and his friends’ nervousness as Kenny approached them. “Pickin’ a fight with someone your own size that’s fine, but pickin’ on little kids. Nah man, that’s not cool. You got me?” Kenny said. It took a moment for Randall to get a hold of his words. “Y-yeah I got you.” Randall responded. He and his group walked off as quickly as they could. Kenny and his guys walked back to join the rest of them. “You good kid?” Kenny asked. “Yes, I’m fine.” Nelson smiled. “Welcome to the gang,” Gigi said. She heard a ding on her phone and groaned when she saw the text. “What’s going on?” Renee asked. “My mama gettin’ on me about my grades.” Gigi responded. “I can’t help it if my homework is hard.”
“Text your mom back and tell her you found a tutor.” Nelson said. He sat down at the picnic table. “I’ll help you out.”
Extract B: Navigating the Perils of Social Media
In January, there was a huge party at a venue called LIFE that many boys and girls in my grade attended. I really wanted to attend, but I had other arrangements that evening. I was so disappointed that I couldn’t go that I posted a post on my spam Instagram account that was immature, furious, and disrespectful towards some of the attendees. Instead of admitting that I couldn’t travel, I acted as if I never wanted to go in the first place. A month later, a girl in my class discovered this post and shared it with other students in our class. They began saying horrible things about me while I was within hearing distance. Hearing this, I resolved to approach four or five of the females, apologise for the post, and do my best to make up. They all responded that they understood, and that was the last I heard about it.
Six months later, I uploaded an Instagram photo of myself with the message “Life is good.” A number of individuals attacked my post with vicious and insulting comments about me. I texted the girl who appeared to be spearheading these remarks and asked her why she was writing such harsh things, to which she responded, “It’s a joke and we’re just having fun.” She then continued to write additional derogatory remarks about me and even posted about me on her spam account on purpose for me to see. She threatened me by stating, “I deserved this.” I was terrified and heartbroken when the classmates I believed to be my friends commented on how funny she was and how bothersome I was. Even students from different schools that I did not know participated! I felt assaulted and isolated. My closest friends attempted to console me in private, but nobody had the fortitude to defend me on social media. I got an awful sinking sense that everyone despised me and was discussing me behind my back. I determined that the best course of action was to notify my mother and my family because I was so bewildered and upset. My mother contacted my school advisor, who reminded us that my school’s code of conduct includes a section on cyberbullying that all students must sign.
It states – “Definition – Bullying is the creation of a hostile environment by conduct or verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student’s educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, or emotional, or physical well-being; or conduct, verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for his or her physical safety.” Cyberbullying, which includes electronic remarks sent in e-mails or instant messaging, or on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, or on blogs, etc. The School encourages all school community members to report any bullying instances, regardless of the perpetrator. The School will take prompt and reasonable measures to prevent, investigate, and address bullying. Every student who believes he or she has been bullied must report the incident(s) to the Principal, Grade-Level Dean, Adviser, School Nurse, or School Psychologist.
We determined that this was in fact cyberbullying and chose to report it in order to secure my safety, improve our school community, and educate others about cyberbullying.
I then went to summer camp without my phone for three weeks and escaped the toxic social media environment. I learnt upon my return that the school had called this girl’s mother. She rationalised her conduct by showing them a screenshot of the insulting message I had made in January. Although I was unaware of it, what I had written returned to haunt me, and she explained that it was the reason she decided to post those negative comments about me on social media.
I have given this a great deal of thought and now recognise how crucial it is to be cautious about what you post online. I have learned that despite the fact that people forgive and forget, internet content is permanent and might come back to bother you in the future. The Internet is not the appropriate place to express your emotions and anger against a person or situation. This incident has left me with deep wounds, and I’m sure that many of the other parties involved have also been hurt and distressed. Yesterday, I met up with the girl who wrote all those negative things about me. She apologised to me for the posts she had made, and we agreed that going forward, we would try our best to watch out for one other and only spread compassion on social media.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Nelson in extract A and the narrator in extract B differ in terms of their motivations. Which of the following best portrays these differences?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: I Can Help
A bang sounded throughout the school hallways as the locker door slammed shut. “Guys let me out! Let me out!” The small boy screamed as he banged his fists against the inside of the locker door. Nelson was more than furious this time. This was one too many times and it pushed him too far. Hot tears streamed down his face and he took off his glasses and wiped the tears away. Before the school closed a janitress came by and realised that there was a boy inside the locker. She let him out. “You okay boy?” She asked. Nelson didn’t reply and checked his phone to call his parents but it was out of battery power. “Hey kid, need a ride home? I’m done right now and that bus ain’t comin’ back for you,” said the janitress. Nelson agreed and went with her.
“You okay little man?” The janitress asked as she drove him home. “I’m fed up with being thrown in lockers and trash cans and shoved around all the time. Even when they bully me to do their homework, they still bully me anyway. I’m sick of it! I’m not doing anyone else’s homework ever again!” he said. “Have you told your parents?” she inquired. “I’ve tried to, but my parents live their own lives and don’t care,” said Nelson. The janitress continued driving in silence, not sure what else to say and eventually slowed her driving in front of Nelson’s house. Nelson stepped out of the truck and paused when she told him, “Keep telling’ your parents, okay little man?” “Thanks,” Nelson muttered.
The next day, Nelson wandered through school with a dark cloud of hate for everyone around him. He wondered what he could do to earn some respect and not be picked on anymore. Nelson sat alone in the lunch room in his usual societally designated spot. Randall, the guy responsible for pushing Nelson into the locker, had his food tray in hand and was about to go to his table. Nelson wished there was something he could do to make his life better.
“Watch it, man! What’s the matter with’ chu?” an intimidating guy asked, as he nearly got food dumped on him by Randall. Randall was startled by the intensity of the guy he ran into. Nelson recognized him as Kenny. He wasn’t the kind of guy to cross even on a good day. He and the rest of the gang following him sneered at Randall as they passed him. Nelson grinned. He finally got his answer.
After school, he sought out the gang he saw in the lunchroom. They were hanging around a shaded part of the cement wall bordering the school. Nelson walked up to them and their conversation stopped as he approached. They looked him up and down. “Whatcha starin’ at?” asked the big one. “I want to be a part of your gang.” They all looked at each other and laughed. Nelson remained standing there. He had anticipated their reaction so it came as no surprise to him. “Are you for real?” Kenny asked. “My name is Nelson.” He held out his hand to shake his. The guy, obviously the leader of the group, looked at Nelson’s hand and then back to Nelson. The lead looked around the group trying to get some reactions and approvals. “Alright, you one of us now.” Kenny said with a side smile. Nelson also smiled with a slight grimace, as he finally got what he wanted for a change. Kenny pointed out who was who in the gang. “I’m Kenny. That’s Gigi, Renee, Gordon, Daren, and Pablo.”
“Nice to meet you all.” Nelson said. Randall and his group were passing by when they stopped as Nelson caught his attention. Kenny noticed him and casually walked over. The two guys with him followed. Nelson grimaced at the sight of Randall and his friends’ nervousness as Kenny approached them. “Pickin’ a fight with someone your own size that’s fine, but pickin’ on little kids. Nah man, that’s not cool. You got me?” Kenny said. It took a moment for Randall to get a hold of his words. “Y-yeah I got you.” Randall responded. He and his group walked off as quickly as they could. Kenny and his guys walked back to join the rest of them. “You good kid?” Kenny asked. “Yes, I’m fine.” Nelson smiled. “Welcome to the gang,” Gigi said. She heard a ding on her phone and groaned when she saw the text. “What’s going on?” Renee asked. “My mama gettin’ on me about my grades.” Gigi responded. “I can’t help it if my homework is hard.”
“Text your mom back and tell her you found a tutor.” Nelson said. He sat down at the picnic table. “I’ll help you out.”
Extract B: Navigating the Perils of Social Media
In January, there was a huge party at a venue called LIFE that many boys and girls in my grade attended. I really wanted to attend, but I had other arrangements that evening. I was so disappointed that I couldn’t go that I posted a post on my spam Instagram account that was immature, furious, and disrespectful towards some of the attendees. Instead of admitting that I couldn’t travel, I acted as if I never wanted to go in the first place. A month later, a girl in my class discovered this post and shared it with other students in our class. They began saying horrible things about me while I was within hearing distance. Hearing this, I resolved to approach four or five of the females, apologise for the post, and do my best to make up. They all responded that they understood, and that was the last I heard about it.
Six months later, I uploaded an Instagram photo of myself with the message “Life is good.” A number of individuals attacked my post with vicious and insulting comments about me. I texted the girl who appeared to be spearheading these remarks and asked her why she was writing such harsh things, to which she responded, “It’s a joke and we’re just having fun.” She then continued to write additional derogatory remarks about me and even posted about me on her spam account on purpose for me to see. She threatened me by stating, “I deserved this.” I was terrified and heartbroken when the classmates I believed to be my friends commented on how funny she was and how bothersome I was. Even students from different schools that I did not know participated! I felt assaulted and isolated. My closest friends attempted to console me in private, but nobody had the fortitude to defend me on social media. I got an awful sinking sense that everyone despised me and was discussing me behind my back. I determined that the best course of action was to notify my mother and my family because I was so bewildered and upset. My mother contacted my school advisor, who reminded us that my school’s code of conduct includes a section on cyberbullying that all students must sign.
It states – “Definition – Bullying is the creation of a hostile environment by conduct or verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student’s educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, or emotional, or physical well-being; or conduct, verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for his or her physical safety.” Cyberbullying, which includes electronic remarks sent in e-mails or instant messaging, or on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, or on blogs, etc. The School encourages all school community members to report any bullying instances, regardless of the perpetrator. The School will take prompt and reasonable measures to prevent, investigate, and address bullying. Every student who believes he or she has been bullied must report the incident(s) to the Principal, Grade-Level Dean, Adviser, School Nurse, or School Psychologist.
We determined that this was in fact cyberbullying and chose to report it in order to secure my safety, improve our school community, and educate others about cyberbullying.
I then went to summer camp without my phone for three weeks and escaped the toxic social media environment. I learnt upon my return that the school had called this girl’s mother. She rationalised her conduct by showing them a screenshot of the insulting message I had made in January. Although I was unaware of it, what I had written returned to haunt me, and she explained that it was the reason she decided to post those negative comments about me on social media.
I have given this a great deal of thought and now recognise how crucial it is to be cautious about what you post online. I have learned that despite the fact that people forgive and forget, internet content is permanent and might come back to bother you in the future. The Internet is not the appropriate place to express your emotions and anger against a person or situation. This incident has left me with deep wounds, and I’m sure that many of the other parties involved have also been hurt and distressed. Yesterday, I met up with the girl who wrote all those negative things about me. She apologised to me for the posts she had made, and we agreed that going forward, we would try our best to watch out for one other and only spread compassion on social media.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
In terms of structure, how do the plots of extract A and extract B compare?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: I Can Help
A bang sounded throughout the school hallways as the locker door slammed shut. “Guys let me out! Let me out!” The small boy screamed as he banged his fists against the inside of the locker door. Nelson was more than furious this time. This was one too many times and it pushed him too far. Hot tears streamed down his face and he took off his glasses and wiped the tears away. Before the school closed a janitress came by and realised that there was a boy inside the locker. She let him out. “You okay boy?” She asked. Nelson didn’t reply and checked his phone to call his parents but it was out of battery power. “Hey kid, need a ride home? I’m done right now and that bus ain’t comin’ back for you,” said the janitress. Nelson agreed and went with her.
“You okay little man?” The janitress asked as she drove him home. “I’m fed up with being thrown in lockers and trash cans and shoved around all the time. Even when they bully me to do their homework, they still bully me anyway. I’m sick of it! I’m not doing anyone else’s homework ever again!” he said. “Have you told your parents?” she inquired. “I’ve tried to, but my parents live their own lives and don’t care,” said Nelson. The janitress continued driving in silence, not sure what else to say and eventually slowed her driving in front of Nelson’s house. Nelson stepped out of the truck and paused when she told him, “Keep telling’ your parents, okay little man?” “Thanks,” Nelson muttered.
The next day, Nelson wandered through school with a dark cloud of hate for everyone around him. He wondered what he could do to earn some respect and not be picked on anymore. Nelson sat alone in the lunch room in his usual societally designated spot. Randall, the guy responsible for pushing Nelson into the locker, had his food tray in hand and was about to go to his table. Nelson wished there was something he could do to make his life better.
“Watch it, man! What’s the matter with’ chu?” an intimidating guy asked, as he nearly got food dumped on him by Randall. Randall was startled by the intensity of the guy he ran into. Nelson recognized him as Kenny. He wasn’t the kind of guy to cross even on a good day. He and the rest of the gang following him sneered at Randall as they passed him. Nelson grinned. He finally got his answer.
After school, he sought out the gang he saw in the lunchroom. They were hanging around a shaded part of the cement wall bordering the school. Nelson walked up to them and their conversation stopped as he approached. They looked him up and down. “Whatcha starin’ at?” asked the big one. “I want to be a part of your gang.” They all looked at each other and laughed. Nelson remained standing there. He had anticipated their reaction so it came as no surprise to him. “Are you for real?” Kenny asked. “My name is Nelson.” He held out his hand to shake his. The guy, obviously the leader of the group, looked at Nelson’s hand and then back to Nelson. The lead looked around the group trying to get some reactions and approvals. “Alright, you one of us now.” Kenny said with a side smile. Nelson also smiled with a slight grimace, as he finally got what he wanted for a change. Kenny pointed out who was who in the gang. “I’m Kenny. That’s Gigi, Renee, Gordon, Daren, and Pablo.”
“Nice to meet you all.” Nelson said. Randall and his group were passing by when they stopped as Nelson caught his attention. Kenny noticed him and casually walked over. The two guys with him followed. Nelson grimaced at the sight of Randall and his friends’ nervousness as Kenny approached them. “Pickin’ a fight with someone your own size that’s fine, but pickin’ on little kids. Nah man, that’s not cool. You got me?” Kenny said. It took a moment for Randall to get a hold of his words. “Y-yeah I got you.” Randall responded. He and his group walked off as quickly as they could. Kenny and his guys walked back to join the rest of them. “You good kid?” Kenny asked. “Yes, I’m fine.” Nelson smiled. “Welcome to the gang,” Gigi said. She heard a ding on her phone and groaned when she saw the text. “What’s going on?” Renee asked. “My mama gettin’ on me about my grades.” Gigi responded. “I can’t help it if my homework is hard.”
“Text your mom back and tell her you found a tutor.” Nelson said. He sat down at the picnic table. “I’ll help you out.”
Extract B: Navigating the Perils of Social Media
In January, there was a huge party at a venue called LIFE that many boys and girls in my grade attended. I really wanted to attend, but I had other arrangements that evening. I was so disappointed that I couldn’t go that I posted a post on my spam Instagram account that was immature, furious, and disrespectful towards some of the attendees. Instead of admitting that I couldn’t travel, I acted as if I never wanted to go in the first place. A month later, a girl in my class discovered this post and shared it with other students in our class. They began saying horrible things about me while I was within hearing distance. Hearing this, I resolved to approach four or five of the females, apologise for the post, and do my best to make up. They all responded that they understood, and that was the last I heard about it.
Six months later, I uploaded an Instagram photo of myself with the message “Life is good.” A number of individuals attacked my post with vicious and insulting comments about me. I texted the girl who appeared to be spearheading these remarks and asked her why she was writing such harsh things, to which she responded, “It’s a joke and we’re just having fun.” She then continued to write additional derogatory remarks about me and even posted about me on her spam account on purpose for me to see. She threatened me by stating, “I deserved this.” I was terrified and heartbroken when the classmates I believed to be my friends commented on how funny she was and how bothersome I was. Even students from different schools that I did not know participated! I felt assaulted and isolated. My closest friends attempted to console me in private, but nobody had the fortitude to defend me on social media. I got an awful sinking sense that everyone despised me and was discussing me behind my back. I determined that the best course of action was to notify my mother and my family because I was so bewildered and upset. My mother contacted my school advisor, who reminded us that my school’s code of conduct includes a section on cyberbullying that all students must sign.
It states – “Definition – Bullying is the creation of a hostile environment by conduct or verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student’s educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, or emotional, or physical well-being; or conduct, verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for his or her physical safety.” Cyberbullying, which includes electronic remarks sent in e-mails or instant messaging, or on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, or on blogs, etc. The School encourages all school community members to report any bullying instances, regardless of the perpetrator. The School will take prompt and reasonable measures to prevent, investigate, and address bullying. Every student who believes he or she has been bullied must report the incident(s) to the Principal, Grade-Level Dean, Adviser, School Nurse, or School Psychologist.
We determined that this was in fact cyberbullying and chose to report it in order to secure my safety, improve our school community, and educate others about cyberbullying.
I then went to summer camp without my phone for three weeks and escaped the toxic social media environment. I learnt upon my return that the school had called this girl’s mother. She rationalised her conduct by showing them a screenshot of the insulting message I had made in January. Although I was unaware of it, what I had written returned to haunt me, and she explained that it was the reason she decided to post those negative comments about me on social media.
I have given this a great deal of thought and now recognise how crucial it is to be cautious about what you post online. I have learned that despite the fact that people forgive and forget, internet content is permanent and might come back to bother you in the future. The Internet is not the appropriate place to express your emotions and anger against a person or situation. This incident has left me with deep wounds, and I’m sure that many of the other parties involved have also been hurt and distressed. Yesterday, I met up with the girl who wrote all those negative things about me. She apologised to me for the posts she had made, and we agreed that going forward, we would try our best to watch out for one other and only spread compassion on social media.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
How does the plot in extract A compare to the plot in extract B in terms of pacing?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
Extract A: I Can Help
A bang sounded throughout the school hallways as the locker door slammed shut. “Guys let me out! Let me out!” The small boy screamed as he banged his fists against the inside of the locker door. Nelson was more than furious this time. This was one too many times and it pushed him too far. Hot tears streamed down his face and he took off his glasses and wiped the tears away. Before the school closed a janitress came by and realised that there was a boy inside the locker. She let him out. “You okay boy?” She asked. Nelson didn’t reply and checked his phone to call his parents but it was out of battery power. “Hey kid, need a ride home? I’m done right now and that bus ain’t comin’ back for you,” said the janitress. Nelson agreed and went with her.
“You okay little man?” The janitress asked as she drove him home. “I’m fed up with being thrown in lockers and trash cans and shoved around all the time. Even when they bully me to do their homework, they still bully me anyway. I’m sick of it! I’m not doing anyone else’s homework ever again!” he said. “Have you told your parents?” she inquired. “I’ve tried to, but my parents live their own lives and don’t care,” said Nelson. The janitress continued driving in silence, not sure what else to say and eventually slowed her driving in front of Nelson’s house. Nelson stepped out of the truck and paused when she told him, “Keep telling’ your parents, okay little man?” “Thanks,” Nelson muttered.
The next day, Nelson wandered through school with a dark cloud of hate for everyone around him. He wondered what he could do to earn some respect and not be picked on anymore. Nelson sat alone in the lunch room in his usual societally designated spot. Randall, the guy responsible for pushing Nelson into the locker, had his food tray in hand and was about to go to his table. Nelson wished there was something he could do to make his life better.
“Watch it, man! What’s the matter with’ chu?” an intimidating guy asked, as he nearly got food dumped on him by Randall. Randall was startled by the intensity of the guy he ran into. Nelson recognized him as Kenny. He wasn’t the kind of guy to cross even on a good day. He and the rest of the gang following him sneered at Randall as they passed him. Nelson grinned. He finally got his answer.
After school, he sought out the gang he saw in the lunchroom. They were hanging around a shaded part of the cement wall bordering the school. Nelson walked up to them and their conversation stopped as he approached. They looked him up and down. “Whatcha starin’ at?” asked the big one. “I want to be a part of your gang.” They all looked at each other and laughed. Nelson remained standing there. He had anticipated their reaction so it came as no surprise to him. “Are you for real?” Kenny asked. “My name is Nelson.” He held out his hand to shake his. The guy, obviously the leader of the group, looked at Nelson’s hand and then back to Nelson. The lead looked around the group trying to get some reactions and approvals. “Alright, you one of us now.” Kenny said with a side smile. Nelson also smiled with a slight grimace, as he finally got what he wanted for a change. Kenny pointed out who was who in the gang. “I’m Kenny. That’s Gigi, Renee, Gordon, Daren, and Pablo.”
“Nice to meet you all.” Nelson said. Randall and his group were passing by when they stopped as Nelson caught his attention. Kenny noticed him and casually walked over. The two guys with him followed. Nelson grimaced at the sight of Randall and his friends’ nervousness as Kenny approached them. “Pickin’ a fight with someone your own size that’s fine, but pickin’ on little kids. Nah man, that’s not cool. You got me?” Kenny said. It took a moment for Randall to get a hold of his words. “Y-yeah I got you.” Randall responded. He and his group walked off as quickly as they could. Kenny and his guys walked back to join the rest of them. “You good kid?” Kenny asked. “Yes, I’m fine.” Nelson smiled. “Welcome to the gang,” Gigi said. She heard a ding on her phone and groaned when she saw the text. “What’s going on?” Renee asked. “My mama gettin’ on me about my grades.” Gigi responded. “I can’t help it if my homework is hard.”
“Text your mom back and tell her you found a tutor.” Nelson said. He sat down at the picnic table. “I’ll help you out.”
Extract B: Navigating the Perils of Social Media
In January, there was a huge party at a venue called LIFE that many boys and girls in my grade attended. I really wanted to attend, but I had other arrangements that evening. I was so disappointed that I couldn’t go that I posted a post on my spam Instagram account that was immature, furious, and disrespectful towards some of the attendees. Instead of admitting that I couldn’t travel, I acted as if I never wanted to go in the first place. A month later, a girl in my class discovered this post and shared it with other students in our class. They began saying horrible things about me while I was within hearing distance. Hearing this, I resolved to approach four or five of the females, apologise for the post, and do my best to make up. They all responded that they understood, and that was the last I heard about it.
Six months later, I uploaded an Instagram photo of myself with the message “Life is good.” A number of individuals attacked my post with vicious and insulting comments about me. I texted the girl who appeared to be spearheading these remarks and asked her why she was writing such harsh things, to which she responded, “It’s a joke and we’re just having fun.” She then continued to write additional derogatory remarks about me and even posted about me on her spam account on purpose for me to see. She threatened me by stating, “I deserved this.” I was terrified and heartbroken when the classmates I believed to be my friends commented on how funny she was and how bothersome I was. Even students from different schools that I did not know participated! I felt assaulted and isolated. My closest friends attempted to console me in private, but nobody had the fortitude to defend me on social media. I got an awful sinking sense that everyone despised me and was discussing me behind my back. I determined that the best course of action was to notify my mother and my family because I was so bewildered and upset. My mother contacted my school advisor, who reminded us that my school’s code of conduct includes a section on cyberbullying that all students must sign.
It states – “Definition – Bullying is the creation of a hostile environment by conduct or verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that has or would have the effect of unreasonably and substantially interfering with a student’s educational performance, opportunities or benefits, or mental, or emotional, or physical well-being; or conduct, verbal threats, intimidation, or abuse that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause a student to fear for his or her physical safety.” Cyberbullying, which includes electronic remarks sent in e-mails or instant messaging, or on social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, or on blogs, etc. The School encourages all school community members to report any bullying instances, regardless of the perpetrator. The School will take prompt and reasonable measures to prevent, investigate, and address bullying. Every student who believes he or she has been bullied must report the incident(s) to the Principal, Grade-Level Dean, Adviser, School Nurse, or School Psychologist.
We determined that this was in fact cyberbullying and chose to report it in order to secure my safety, improve our school community, and educate others about cyberbullying.
I then went to summer camp without my phone for three weeks and escaped the toxic social media environment. I learnt upon my return that the school had called this girl’s mother. She rationalised her conduct by showing them a screenshot of the insulting message I had made in January. Although I was unaware of it, what I had written returned to haunt me, and she explained that it was the reason she decided to post those negative comments about me on social media.
I have given this a great deal of thought and now recognise how crucial it is to be cautious about what you post online. I have learned that despite the fact that people forgive and forget, internet content is permanent and might come back to bother you in the future. The Internet is not the appropriate place to express your emotions and anger against a person or situation. This incident has left me with deep wounds, and I’m sure that many of the other parties involved have also been hurt and distressed. Yesterday, I met up with the girl who wrote all those negative things about me. She apologised to me for the posts she had made, and we agreed that going forward, we would try our best to watch out for one other and only spread compassion on social media.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
In what ways do the protagonists in extract A and extract B react differently to their respective situations?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Life is Transient by Eliza and Sarah Wolcott
Such is the state of life, my friend,
That all is transient here;
If we have trials to contend,
Our heaven, our home is near.
If our dear friends around us fall, 5
Or other sorrows come,
Let’s think the warnings are a call,
To speed our passage home.
If prosperous days around us smile,
Then view the hand that gives, 10
But let not prosperous days beguile
Our souls from him that lives.
If clouds or storms be seen afar,
And dreary winter come,
May we be mindful of the Star 15
That guides our passage home.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What is the significance of referring to “heaven” as our “home” in line 4?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Life is Transient by Eliza and Sarah Wolcott
Such is the state of life, my friend,
That all is transient here;
If we have trials to contend,
Our heaven, our home is near.
If our dear friends around us fall, 5
Or other sorrows come,
Let’s think the warnings are a call,
To speed our passage home.
If prosperous days around us smile,
Then view the hand that gives, 10
But let not prosperous days beguile
Our souls from him that lives.
If clouds or storms be seen afar,
And dreary winter come,
May we be mindful of the Star 15
That guides our passage home.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What does the term “warnings” in line 7 refer to?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Life is Transient by Eliza and Sarah Wolcott
Such is the state of life, my friend,
That all is transient here;
If we have trials to contend,
Our heaven, our home is near.
If our dear friends around us fall, 5
Or other sorrows come,
Let’s think the warnings are a call,
To speed our passage home.
If prosperous days around us smile,
Then view the hand that gives, 10
But let not prosperous days beguile
Our souls from him that lives.
If clouds or storms be seen afar,
And dreary winter come,
May we be mindful of the Star 15
That guides our passage home.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Which best explains what line 11 is trying to express?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Life is Transient by Eliza and Sarah Wolcott
Such is the state of life, my friend,
That all is transient here;
If we have trials to contend,
Our heaven, our home is near.
If our dear friends around us fall, 5
Or other sorrows come,
Let’s think the warnings are a call,
To speed our passage home.
If prosperous days around us smile,
Then view the hand that gives, 10
But let not prosperous days beguile
Our souls from him that lives.
If clouds or storms be seen afar,
And dreary winter come,
May we be mindful of the Star 15
That guides our passage home.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What does the word “Star” in line 15, symbolise?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Life is Transient by Eliza and Sarah Wolcott
Such is the state of life, my friend,
That all is transient here;
If we have trials to contend,
Our heaven, our home is near.
If our dear friends around us fall, 5
Or other sorrows come,
Let’s think the warnings are a call,
To speed our passage home.
If prosperous days around us smile,
Then view the hand that gives, 10
But let not prosperous days beguile
Our souls from him that lives.
If clouds or storms be seen afar,
And dreary winter come,
May we be mindful of the Star 15
That guides our passage home.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What is the central message that the poet wants to convey in the poem?
Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.
Life is Transient by Eliza and Sarah Wolcott
Such is the state of life, my friend,
That all is transient here;
If we have trials to contend,
Our heaven, our home is near.
If our dear friends around us fall, 5
Or other sorrows come,
Let’s think the warnings are a call,
To speed our passage home.
If prosperous days around us smile,
Then view the hand that gives, 10
But let not prosperous days beguile
Our souls from him that lives.
If clouds or storms be seen afar,
And dreary winter come,
May we be mindful of the Star 15
That guides our passage home.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the poem?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Study Finds Intermittent Fasting Not as Effective for Weight Loss
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association challenges the belief that the timing of meals affects weight. 13………………………… And according to these variables, there was no connection between the time of day people consumed their meals and their weight. This suggests that meal timing may not play as significant a role in weight management as previously believed.
Diet fads such as intermittent fasting have promoted restricting meal hours as a way to lose weight. 14………………………… The study monitored meal times, eating windows, and proximity to bedtime, but only found that smaller meals were related to weight loss. According to Bennett, while timing meals may help some people track their nutrition, it is unlikely to result in immediate weight loss based on the study and other published research.
Experts caution that the study’s results should be approached with caution. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford of Harvard Medical School points out that the participants lacked racial and ethnic diversity, and that social determinants of health, such as stress and environment, were not considered. 15………………………… “I assume that if they examined the data more extensively, they would find subgroups where meal timing may have had a big impact,” Lichtenstein said.
16………………………… She emphasised that additional research on this topic is now being conducted. Lichtenstein stated that the key conclusions are that there is no single dietary strategy that works for everyone, and that the quality of the food matters. Lichtenstein stated, “If you consume a balanced diet and are physically active, you are less likely to get diabetes, chronic renal disease, obstructive lung disease, and hypertension.”
No one wants to hear it, she said, but there is no way around eating fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity when it comes to weight management. Trying intermittent fasting or restricting eating intervals can be a beneficial technique to identify personal characteristics for certain individuals, but many cannot continue it long enough to show long-term improvement or maintain weight loss, Lichtenstein added. Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center in Boston, does not like to place too much emphasis on calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, according to her. 17…………………………
She stated that 100 calories of gummy bears differ from 100 calories of muesli with fruit and nuts to the body. 18………………………… If a nutrition plan works for one person it doesn’t mean it would for another, she explained, “it simply means that one body responded and the other did not.” It doesn’t mean you’re flawed. It just signifies that the item was not what your body required.”
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Study Finds Intermittent Fasting Not as Effective for Weight Loss
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association challenges the belief that the timing of meals affects weight. 13………………………… And according to these variables, there was no connection between the time of day people consumed their meals and their weight. This suggests that meal timing may not play as significant a role in weight management as previously believed.
Diet fads such as intermittent fasting have promoted restricting meal hours as a way to lose weight. 14………………………… The study monitored meal times, eating windows, and proximity to bedtime, but only found that smaller meals were related to weight loss. According to Bennett, while timing meals may help some people track their nutrition, it is unlikely to result in immediate weight loss based on the study and other published research.
Experts caution that the study’s results should be approached with caution. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford of Harvard Medical School points out that the participants lacked racial and ethnic diversity, and that social determinants of health, such as stress and environment, were not considered. 15………………………… “I assume that if they examined the data more extensively, they would find subgroups where meal timing may have had a big impact,” Lichtenstein said.
16………………………… She emphasised that additional research on this topic is now being conducted. Lichtenstein stated that the key conclusions are that there is no single dietary strategy that works for everyone, and that the quality of the food matters. Lichtenstein stated, “If you consume a balanced diet and are physically active, you are less likely to get diabetes, chronic renal disease, obstructive lung disease, and hypertension.”
No one wants to hear it, she said, but there is no way around eating fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity when it comes to weight management. Trying intermittent fasting or restricting eating intervals can be a beneficial technique to identify personal characteristics for certain individuals, but many cannot continue it long enough to show long-term improvement or maintain weight loss, Lichtenstein added. Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center in Boston, does not like to place too much emphasis on calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, according to her. 17…………………………
She stated that 100 calories of gummy bears differ from 100 calories of muesli with fruit and nuts to the body. 18………………………… If a nutrition plan works for one person it doesn’t mean it would for another, she explained, “it simply means that one body responded and the other did not.” It doesn’t mean you’re flawed. It just signifies that the item was not what your body required.”
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Study Finds Intermittent Fasting Not as Effective for Weight Loss
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association challenges the belief that the timing of meals affects weight. 13………………………… And according to these variables, there was no connection between the time of day people consumed their meals and their weight. This suggests that meal timing may not play as significant a role in weight management as previously believed.
Diet fads such as intermittent fasting have promoted restricting meal hours as a way to lose weight. 14………………………… The study monitored meal times, eating windows, and proximity to bedtime, but only found that smaller meals were related to weight loss. According to Bennett, while timing meals may help some people track their nutrition, it is unlikely to result in immediate weight loss based on the study and other published research.
Experts caution that the study’s results should be approached with caution. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford of Harvard Medical School points out that the participants lacked racial and ethnic diversity, and that social determinants of health, such as stress and environment, were not considered. 15………………………… “I assume that if they examined the data more extensively, they would find subgroups where meal timing may have had a big impact,” Lichtenstein said.
16………………………… She emphasised that additional research on this topic is now being conducted. Lichtenstein stated that the key conclusions are that there is no single dietary strategy that works for everyone, and that the quality of the food matters. Lichtenstein stated, “If you consume a balanced diet and are physically active, you are less likely to get diabetes, chronic renal disease, obstructive lung disease, and hypertension.”
No one wants to hear it, she said, but there is no way around eating fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity when it comes to weight management. Trying intermittent fasting or restricting eating intervals can be a beneficial technique to identify personal characteristics for certain individuals, but many cannot continue it long enough to show long-term improvement or maintain weight loss, Lichtenstein added. Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center in Boston, does not like to place too much emphasis on calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, according to her. 17…………………………
She stated that 100 calories of gummy bears differ from 100 calories of muesli with fruit and nuts to the body. 18………………………… If a nutrition plan works for one person it doesn’t mean it would for another, she explained, “it simply means that one body responded and the other did not.” It doesn’t mean you’re flawed. It just signifies that the item was not what your body required.”
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Study Finds Intermittent Fasting Not as Effective for Weight Loss
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association challenges the belief that the timing of meals affects weight. 13………………………… And according to these variables, there was no connection between the time of day people consumed their meals and their weight. This suggests that meal timing may not play as significant a role in weight management as previously believed.
Diet fads such as intermittent fasting have promoted restricting meal hours as a way to lose weight. 14………………………… The study monitored meal times, eating windows, and proximity to bedtime, but only found that smaller meals were related to weight loss. According to Bennett, while timing meals may help some people track their nutrition, it is unlikely to result in immediate weight loss based on the study and other published research.
Experts caution that the study’s results should be approached with caution. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford of Harvard Medical School points out that the participants lacked racial and ethnic diversity, and that social determinants of health, such as stress and environment, were not considered. 15………………………… “I assume that if they examined the data more extensively, they would find subgroups where meal timing may have had a big impact,” Lichtenstein said.
16………………………… She emphasised that additional research on this topic is now being conducted. Lichtenstein stated that the key conclusions are that there is no single dietary strategy that works for everyone, and that the quality of the food matters. Lichtenstein stated, “If you consume a balanced diet and are physically active, you are less likely to get diabetes, chronic renal disease, obstructive lung disease, and hypertension.”
No one wants to hear it, she said, but there is no way around eating fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity when it comes to weight management. Trying intermittent fasting or restricting eating intervals can be a beneficial technique to identify personal characteristics for certain individuals, but many cannot continue it long enough to show long-term improvement or maintain weight loss, Lichtenstein added. Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center in Boston, does not like to place too much emphasis on calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, according to her. 17…………………………
She stated that 100 calories of gummy bears differ from 100 calories of muesli with fruit and nuts to the body. 18………………………… If a nutrition plan works for one person it doesn’t mean it would for another, she explained, “it simply means that one body responded and the other did not.” It doesn’t mean you’re flawed. It just signifies that the item was not what your body required.”
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Study Finds Intermittent Fasting Not as Effective for Weight Loss
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association challenges the belief that the timing of meals affects weight. 13………………………… And according to these variables, there was no connection between the time of day people consumed their meals and their weight. This suggests that meal timing may not play as significant a role in weight management as previously believed.
Diet fads such as intermittent fasting have promoted restricting meal hours as a way to lose weight. 14………………………… The study monitored meal times, eating windows, and proximity to bedtime, but only found that smaller meals were related to weight loss. According to Bennett, while timing meals may help some people track their nutrition, it is unlikely to result in immediate weight loss based on the study and other published research.
Experts caution that the study’s results should be approached with caution. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford of Harvard Medical School points out that the participants lacked racial and ethnic diversity, and that social determinants of health, such as stress and environment, were not considered. 15………………………… “I assume that if they examined the data more extensively, they would find subgroups where meal timing may have had a big impact,” Lichtenstein said.
16………………………… She emphasised that additional research on this topic is now being conducted. Lichtenstein stated that the key conclusions are that there is no single dietary strategy that works for everyone, and that the quality of the food matters. Lichtenstein stated, “If you consume a balanced diet and are physically active, you are less likely to get diabetes, chronic renal disease, obstructive lung disease, and hypertension.”
No one wants to hear it, she said, but there is no way around eating fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity when it comes to weight management. Trying intermittent fasting or restricting eating intervals can be a beneficial technique to identify personal characteristics for certain individuals, but many cannot continue it long enough to show long-term improvement or maintain weight loss, Lichtenstein added. Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center in Boston, does not like to place too much emphasis on calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, according to her. 17…………………………
She stated that 100 calories of gummy bears differ from 100 calories of muesli with fruit and nuts to the body. 18………………………… If a nutrition plan works for one person it doesn’t mean it would for another, she explained, “it simply means that one body responded and the other did not.” It doesn’t mean you’re flawed. It just signifies that the item was not what your body required.”
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Study Finds Intermittent Fasting Not as Effective for Weight Loss
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association challenges the belief that the timing of meals affects weight. 13………………………… And according to these variables, there was no connection between the time of day people consumed their meals and their weight. This suggests that meal timing may not play as significant a role in weight management as previously believed.
Diet fads such as intermittent fasting have promoted restricting meal hours as a way to lose weight. 14………………………… The study monitored meal times, eating windows, and proximity to bedtime, but only found that smaller meals were related to weight loss. According to Bennett, while timing meals may help some people track their nutrition, it is unlikely to result in immediate weight loss based on the study and other published research.
Experts caution that the study’s results should be approached with caution. Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford of Harvard Medical School points out that the participants lacked racial and ethnic diversity, and that social determinants of health, such as stress and environment, were not considered. 15………………………… “I assume that if they examined the data more extensively, they would find subgroups where meal timing may have had a big impact,” Lichtenstein said.
16………………………… She emphasised that additional research on this topic is now being conducted. Lichtenstein stated that the key conclusions are that there is no single dietary strategy that works for everyone, and that the quality of the food matters. Lichtenstein stated, “If you consume a balanced diet and are physically active, you are less likely to get diabetes, chronic renal disease, obstructive lung disease, and hypertension.”
No one wants to hear it, she said, but there is no way around eating fruits and vegetables and engaging in physical activity when it comes to weight management. Trying intermittent fasting or restricting eating intervals can be a beneficial technique to identify personal characteristics for certain individuals, but many cannot continue it long enough to show long-term improvement or maintain weight loss, Lichtenstein added. Stanford, an obesity medicine physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center in Boston, does not like to place too much emphasis on calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, according to her. 17…………………………
She stated that 100 calories of gummy bears differ from 100 calories of muesli with fruit and nuts to the body. 18………………………… If a nutrition plan works for one person it doesn’t mean it would for another, she explained, “it simply means that one body responded and the other did not.” It doesn’t mean you’re flawed. It just signifies that the item was not what your body required.”
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
A. | Agrarian economy refers to an economic system that derives the majority of its livelihood and sustenance from agricultural production. The principal economic activity in an agrarian economy is the production of crops, cattle, and other agricultural activities.
Several societies throughout history have had agrarian economies, in which the bulk of the population worked in agriculture and produced food for their own consumption or for sale. The level of technology and infrastructure present in agrarian economies might vary. Others may be more modernised and export-oriented, where farmers use advanced machinery and technology to produce crops for commercial purposes. Generally, an agrarian economy is characterised by its people’s reliance on agriculture as their primary source of income and way of life. |
C. | An industrial economy is when manufacturing and industry are the primary drivers of economic growth and development. Here, items are produced and manufactured on a massive scale, often utilising modern machinery, technology, and production methods. Typically, industrial economies are characterised by mass production, the division of labour, and the use of automation and technology to boost efficiency and productivity. They are frequently related to urbanisation, as factories and production centres are typically located in urban and industrial areas. Industrialisation’s expansion has resulted in considerable technological, transportation, and communication breakthroughs, which have increased production and decreased expenses. Yet, industrial economies encounter obstacles such as pollution and environmental degradation. |
B. | A service economy is where the majority of economic activity focuses on the provision of services as opposed to the production of products. Services such as healthcare, education, banking, transportation, retail, and hospitality are the primary drivers of economic growth and employment in a service-based economy. Service economies are distinguished by a high level of specialisation and differentiation in the services delivered, and they frequently need a highly trained and educated labour force. Service industries may include restaurants, hotels, consulting firms, and software companies, among others. Although service businesses are typically less susceptible to economic downturns and shifts in global commerce, a service economy can result in a more flexible and robust economic system. However, service economies also confront obstacles, such as income inequality and the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation in order to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is always evolving. | D. | The major drivers of economic growth and development in an information economy are the production and interchange of information, knowledge, and intellectual property. Information economy evolved as a result of the digital revolution and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies such as the internet, and social media. These have facilitated the creation of new businesses, such as e-commerce, digital media, etc., by making it easier and cheaper to create, access, and exchange information. In this economy, intellectual property such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks become increasingly significant, as they allow corporations and individuals to protect and profit from their ideas and creations. One of the benefits of this economy is that it can generate new chances for innovation and entrepreneurship, as new ideas and products can be produced and introduced to the market more rapidly and efficiently. Yet, these economies also have problems, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the need for education and training to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in it. |
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about an economic system that grapples with challenges such as issues of protection and surveillance, as well as the imperative for education and training to equip individuals with the competencies and knowledge essential for their participation in it?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
A. | Agrarian economy refers to an economic system that derives the majority of its livelihood and sustenance from agricultural production. The principal economic activity in an agrarian economy is the production of crops, cattle, and other agricultural activities.
Several societies throughout history have had agrarian economies, in which the bulk of the population worked in agriculture and produced food for their own consumption or for sale. The level of technology and infrastructure present in agrarian economies might vary. Others may be more modernised and export-oriented, where farmers use advanced machinery and technology to produce crops for commercial purposes. Generally, an agrarian economy is characterised by its people’s reliance on agriculture as their primary source of income and way of life. |
C. | An industrial economy is when manufacturing and industry are the primary drivers of economic growth and development. Here, items are produced and manufactured on a massive scale, often utilising modern machinery, technology, and production methods. Typically, industrial economies are characterised by mass production, the division of labour, and the use of automation and technology to boost efficiency and productivity. They are frequently related to urbanisation, as factories and production centres are typically located in urban and industrial areas. Industrialisation’s expansion has resulted in considerable technological, transportation, and communication breakthroughs, which have increased production and decreased expenses. Yet, industrial economies encounter obstacles such as pollution and environmental degradation. |
B. | A service economy is where the majority of economic activity focuses on the provision of services as opposed to the production of products. Services such as healthcare, education, banking, transportation, retail, and hospitality are the primary drivers of economic growth and employment in a service-based economy. Service economies are distinguished by a high level of specialisation and differentiation in the services delivered, and they frequently need a highly trained and educated labour force. Service industries may include restaurants, hotels, consulting firms, and software companies, among others. Although service businesses are typically less susceptible to economic downturns and shifts in global commerce, a service economy can result in a more flexible and robust economic system. However, service economies also confront obstacles, such as income inequality and the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation in order to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is always evolving. | D. | The major drivers of economic growth and development in an information economy are the production and interchange of information, knowledge, and intellectual property. Information economy evolved as a result of the digital revolution and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies such as the internet, and social media. These have facilitated the creation of new businesses, such as e-commerce, digital media, etc., by making it easier and cheaper to create, access, and exchange information. In this economy, intellectual property such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks become increasingly significant, as they allow corporations and individuals to protect and profit from their ideas and creations. One of the benefits of this economy is that it can generate new chances for innovation and entrepreneurship, as new ideas and products can be produced and introduced to the market more rapidly and efficiently. Yet, these economies also have problems, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the need for education and training to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in it. |
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about an economic system wherein industrial facilities and production centres are commonly situated in metropolitan areas, albeit encountering impediments such as ecological deterioration?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
A. | Agrarian economy refers to an economic system that derives the majority of its livelihood and sustenance from agricultural production. The principal economic activity in an agrarian economy is the production of crops, cattle, and other agricultural activities.
Several societies throughout history have had agrarian economies, in which the bulk of the population worked in agriculture and produced food for their own consumption or for sale. The level of technology and infrastructure present in agrarian economies might vary. Others may be more modernised and export-oriented, where farmers use advanced machinery and technology to produce crops for commercial purposes. Generally, an agrarian economy is characterised by its people’s reliance on agriculture as their primary source of income and way of life. |
C. | An industrial economy is when manufacturing and industry are the primary drivers of economic growth and development. Here, items are produced and manufactured on a massive scale, often utilising modern machinery, technology, and production methods. Typically, industrial economies are characterised by mass production, the division of labour, and the use of automation and technology to boost efficiency and productivity. They are frequently related to urbanisation, as factories and production centres are typically located in urban and industrial areas. Industrialisation’s expansion has resulted in considerable technological, transportation, and communication breakthroughs, which have increased production and decreased expenses. Yet, industrial economies encounter obstacles such as pollution and environmental degradation. |
B. | A service economy is where the majority of economic activity focuses on the provision of services as opposed to the production of products. Services such as healthcare, education, banking, transportation, retail, and hospitality are the primary drivers of economic growth and employment in a service-based economy. Service economies are distinguished by a high level of specialisation and differentiation in the services delivered, and they frequently need a highly trained and educated labour force. Service industries may include restaurants, hotels, consulting firms, and software companies, among others. Although service businesses are typically less susceptible to economic downturns and shifts in global commerce, a service economy can result in a more flexible and robust economic system. However, service economies also confront obstacles, such as income inequality and the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation in order to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is always evolving. | D. | The major drivers of economic growth and development in an information economy are the production and interchange of information, knowledge, and intellectual property. Information economy evolved as a result of the digital revolution and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies such as the internet, and social media. These have facilitated the creation of new businesses, such as e-commerce, digital media, etc., by making it easier and cheaper to create, access, and exchange information. In this economy, intellectual property such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks become increasingly significant, as they allow corporations and individuals to protect and profit from their ideas and creations. One of the benefits of this economy is that it can generate new chances for innovation and entrepreneurship, as new ideas and products can be produced and introduced to the market more rapidly and efficiently. Yet, these economies also have problems, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the need for education and training to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in it. |
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about an economic system that is characterised by a notable degree of field specialties in the provision of services, typically necessitating a highly skilled and knowledgeable workforce?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
A. | Agrarian economy refers to an economic system that derives the majority of its livelihood and sustenance from agricultural production. The principal economic activity in an agrarian economy is the production of crops, cattle, and other agricultural activities.
Several societies throughout history have had agrarian economies, in which the bulk of the population worked in agriculture and produced food for their own consumption or for sale. The level of technology and infrastructure present in agrarian economies might vary. Others may be more modernised and export-oriented, where farmers use advanced machinery and technology to produce crops for commercial purposes. Generally, an agrarian economy is characterised by its people’s reliance on agriculture as their primary source of income and way of life. |
C. | An industrial economy is when manufacturing and industry are the primary drivers of economic growth and development. Here, items are produced and manufactured on a massive scale, often utilising modern machinery, technology, and production methods. Typically, industrial economies are characterised by mass production, the division of labour, and the use of automation and technology to boost efficiency and productivity. They are frequently related to urbanisation, as factories and production centres are typically located in urban and industrial areas. Industrialisation’s expansion has resulted in considerable technological, transportation, and communication breakthroughs, which have increased production and decreased expenses. Yet, industrial economies encounter obstacles such as pollution and environmental degradation. |
B. | A service economy is where the majority of economic activity focuses on the provision of services as opposed to the production of products. Services such as healthcare, education, banking, transportation, retail, and hospitality are the primary drivers of economic growth and employment in a service-based economy. Service economies are distinguished by a high level of specialisation and differentiation in the services delivered, and they frequently need a highly trained and educated labour force. Service industries may include restaurants, hotels, consulting firms, and software companies, among others. Although service businesses are typically less susceptible to economic downturns and shifts in global commerce, a service economy can result in a more flexible and robust economic system. However, service economies also confront obstacles, such as income inequality and the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation in order to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is always evolving. | D. | The major drivers of economic growth and development in an information economy are the production and interchange of information, knowledge, and intellectual property. Information economy evolved as a result of the digital revolution and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies such as the internet, and social media. These have facilitated the creation of new businesses, such as e-commerce, digital media, etc., by making it easier and cheaper to create, access, and exchange information. In this economy, intellectual property such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks become increasingly significant, as they allow corporations and individuals to protect and profit from their ideas and creations. One of the benefits of this economy is that it can generate new chances for innovation and entrepreneurship, as new ideas and products can be produced and introduced to the market more rapidly and efficiently. Yet, these economies also have problems, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the need for education and training to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in it. |
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about an economic system that has emerged due to the digital revolution and the extensive adoption of information and communication technologies?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
A. | Agrarian economy refers to an economic system that derives the majority of its livelihood and sustenance from agricultural production. The principal economic activity in an agrarian economy is the production of crops, cattle, and other agricultural activities.
Several societies throughout history have had agrarian economies, in which the bulk of the population worked in agriculture and produced food for their own consumption or for sale. The level of technology and infrastructure present in agrarian economies might vary. Others may be more modernised and export-oriented, where farmers use advanced machinery and technology to produce crops for commercial purposes. Generally, an agrarian economy is characterised by its people’s reliance on agriculture as their primary source of income and way of life. |
C. | An industrial economy is when manufacturing and industry are the primary drivers of economic growth and development. Here, items are produced and manufactured on a massive scale, often utilising modern machinery, technology, and production methods. Typically, industrial economies are characterised by mass production, the division of labour, and the use of automation and technology to boost efficiency and productivity. They are frequently related to urbanisation, as factories and production centres are typically located in urban and industrial areas. Industrialisation’s expansion has resulted in considerable technological, transportation, and communication breakthroughs, which have increased production and decreased expenses. Yet, industrial economies encounter obstacles such as pollution and environmental degradation. |
B. | A service economy is where the majority of economic activity focuses on the provision of services as opposed to the production of products. Services such as healthcare, education, banking, transportation, retail, and hospitality are the primary drivers of economic growth and employment in a service-based economy. Service economies are distinguished by a high level of specialisation and differentiation in the services delivered, and they frequently need a highly trained and educated labour force. Service industries may include restaurants, hotels, consulting firms, and software companies, among others. Although service businesses are typically less susceptible to economic downturns and shifts in global commerce, a service economy can result in a more flexible and robust economic system. However, service economies also confront obstacles, such as income inequality and the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation in order to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is always evolving. | D. | The major drivers of economic growth and development in an information economy are the production and interchange of information, knowledge, and intellectual property. Information economy evolved as a result of the digital revolution and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies such as the internet, and social media. These have facilitated the creation of new businesses, such as e-commerce, digital media, etc., by making it easier and cheaper to create, access, and exchange information. In this economy, intellectual property such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks become increasingly significant, as they allow corporations and individuals to protect and profit from their ideas and creations. One of the benefits of this economy is that it can generate new chances for innovation and entrepreneurship, as new ideas and products can be produced and introduced to the market more rapidly and efficiently. Yet, these economies also have problems, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the need for education and training to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in it. |
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about an economic system that is distinguished by the populace’s dependence on farming as their main source of livelihood and modus operandi?
Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.
A. | Agrarian economy refers to an economic system that derives the majority of its livelihood and sustenance from agricultural production. The principal economic activity in an agrarian economy is the production of crops, cattle, and other agricultural activities.
Several societies throughout history have had agrarian economies, in which the bulk of the population worked in agriculture and produced food for their own consumption or for sale. The level of technology and infrastructure present in agrarian economies might vary. Others may be more modernised and export-oriented, where farmers use advanced machinery and technology to produce crops for commercial purposes. Generally, an agrarian economy is characterised by its people’s reliance on agriculture as their primary source of income and way of life. |
C. | An industrial economy is when manufacturing and industry are the primary drivers of economic growth and development. Here, items are produced and manufactured on a massive scale, often utilising modern machinery, technology, and production methods. Typically, industrial economies are characterised by mass production, the division of labour, and the use of automation and technology to boost efficiency and productivity. They are frequently related to urbanisation, as factories and production centres are typically located in urban and industrial areas. Industrialisation’s expansion has resulted in considerable technological, transportation, and communication breakthroughs, which have increased production and decreased expenses. Yet, industrial economies encounter obstacles such as pollution and environmental degradation. |
B. | A service economy is where the majority of economic activity focuses on the provision of services as opposed to the production of products. Services such as healthcare, education, banking, transportation, retail, and hospitality are the primary drivers of economic growth and employment in a service-based economy. Service economies are distinguished by a high level of specialisation and differentiation in the services delivered, and they frequently need a highly trained and educated labour force. Service industries may include restaurants, hotels, consulting firms, and software companies, among others. Although service businesses are typically less susceptible to economic downturns and shifts in global commerce, a service economy can result in a more flexible and robust economic system. However, service economies also confront obstacles, such as income inequality and the need for ongoing innovation and adaptation in order to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is always evolving. | D. | The major drivers of economic growth and development in an information economy are the production and interchange of information, knowledge, and intellectual property. Information economy evolved as a result of the digital revolution and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies such as the internet, and social media. These have facilitated the creation of new businesses, such as e-commerce, digital media, etc., by making it easier and cheaper to create, access, and exchange information. In this economy, intellectual property such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks become increasingly significant, as they allow corporations and individuals to protect and profit from their ideas and creations. One of the benefits of this economy is that it can generate new chances for innovation and entrepreneurship, as new ideas and products can be produced and introduced to the market more rapidly and efficiently. Yet, these economies also have problems, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the need for education and training to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to engage in it. |
Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.
Which extract mentions about an economic system that has the potential to create novel opportunities for invention and entrepreneurialism, as it allows for the swift and efficient creation and development of new ideas and products to the market?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
One of the World’s Most Expensive Coins Was Sold Using Fake Provenance
Richard Beale, the owner and managing director of the London auction house Roma Numismatics, which dealt in ancient coins, was arrested in New York in January on multiple charges related to the sale of a multimillion-dollar coin, according to arrest warrants from the U.S. Homeland Security Investigations. The questioned old coin is among the most valuable in existence. Following the demise of Julius Caesar, Brutus struck coins to commemorate the historical event. It is believed that only three of these “Eid Mar” (Ides of March) coins still survive. In 2020, Beale and Roma Numismatics broke the auction record for an antique coin by selling one for approximately $4.2 million. It now appears that the currency was offered with a fraudulent provenance.
In a report by HSI Special Agent Brenton Easter, well-known for his work researching the smuggling of antiquities, Beale agreed to the conspiracy in what appears to be a plea bargain. Due to the continuing investigation, Easter and the HSI were unable to speak further. The plan looked to have been in the works for years. Once a member of the British Army, Beale, then in his forties, made a startling entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers in 2009.
Christopher Martin, chairman of the British Numismatic Trade Association, told ARTnews, “He was like a flash of lightning. He emerged and made his imprint in a market he was not raised in. Within a year, he was selling millions of pounds worth of coins. Nevertheless, it is precisely what occurred to him. Where did he originate? Nobody knew for certain.”
At that time, Beale constructed a modern coin auction company with slick brochures and contemporary photos practically overnight. Martin explained that, unlike his peers, he had neither a family background in the industry nor had he entered the pitch as a young man, gradually gaining a reputation as an expert. Others were awestruck as he began dealing millions of coins, seemingly without any prior experience. He had access to really precious coins.
In 2014, Beale acquired the most valuable antique coin that had ever been offered on the market. It was purportedly handed to him by the British-born Italian coin dealer Italo Vecchi. Throughout the years, Vecchi became well-known in the world of coins, initially as an individual dealer and later as an employee of numerous prominent coin dealing organisations. In the early 1990s, he worked for CNG, an American numismatic company. But, in 1992, he was discovered attempting to enter the United States with a stash of undeclared Greek coins, resulting in a brief period of difficulty for himself and CNG. He even worked with the British Museum along the way. According to the museum’s online data, 10 coins at the institution appear to have originated from Vecchi.
Vecchi began working as a consultant specialist for Roma Numismatics in his seventies. Vecchi allegedly also gifted Beale the Sicily Naxos Coin in 2013, which was struck in the Greek colony of Naxos circa 430 BC, according to a report by Easter. It represents Dionysus and Silenus, his drinking companion, on opposite sides. According to Easter’s report, the Sicilian Naxos Coin sold for $291,682 in the same 2020 sale that the Eid Mar coin was sold.
According to Easter’s investigation, Beale initially sought to sell the coins directly to an unidentified party during the 2015 Annual New York International Numismatics Conference in New York. This individual, known only as Informant No. 1, told Easter that Beale claimed the coin originated from “an ancient Swiss collection,” which, according to Easter, is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. Beale and Vecchi spent the following years arranging to forge documentation for the coins so that they could be sold at the auction house, according to Easter’s account.
Since the 2000s, there have been limits on the sale of antiquities and coins, as countries such as Italy and Greece have set importation restrictions on ancient coins and in some cases demanded the repatriation of coins found to have originated in those countries. The average coin dealer may find it challenging to navigate these laws, especially given the cultural shift surrounding repatriation.
In the instance of the Eid Mar Coin, silver denarii are occasionally discovered in this country. “The coin did circulate abroad,” Nigel Mills of the United Kingdom’s Noonans coin auction firm told ARTnews. “They traversed the entirety of Europe and North Africa. Even as far as India. They are present in so many countries that it is difficult to determine where they may have originated.
It is unknown how Vecchi obtained these coins and what issues they attempted to conceal. According to Easter’s assessment, the two allegedly paid for documentation claiming the coins were from the collection of Baron Dominique de Chambrier. Another informant working with Easter stated that Vecchi and Beale contacted them with an offer. They would pay the informant $107,000 if they signed fraudulent provenance documents. The informant stated that they declined. Prior to the fall sale of the coins, Beale supposedly had them shipped to New York for authentication by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, whereupon they passed inspection: the coins were authentic. “In 2020, NGC acquired an “EID MAR” aureus for examination from a London auction house and, after lengthy research, judged it to be authentic,” an NGC representative noted in an email to ARTnews. “The authenticity and quality of a coin are distinct from its provenance. It is not typical for NGC to comment on the origin of a coin, and it did not do so in this instance.”
Authorities seized both the Sicily Naxos Coin and the Eid Mar Coin. According to warrants obtained by ARTnews, the Sicilian Naxos Coin was taken on the grounds of John F. Kennedy Airport in late January of this year, and the Eid Mar Coin was seized in New York County in early February of this year, but the particular location has been redacted. According to a representative from the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, both coins will be returned to their respective countries.
Beale is charged with First and Second-Degree Grand Theft, First and Second-Degree Illegal Possession of Stolen Goods, Fourth-Degree Conspiracy, and First-Degree Fraud Scheme. Vecchi remains under investigation, although he has not yet been charged. It appears that Beale’s scam was uncovered after he sought to sell five coins reported to have been stolen from Gaza in 2022.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
Which best describes the goal of the article?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
One of the World’s Most Expensive Coins Was Sold Using Fake Provenance
Richard Beale, the owner and managing director of the London auction house Roma Numismatics, which dealt in ancient coins, was arrested in New York in January on multiple charges related to the sale of a multimillion-dollar coin, according to arrest warrants from the U.S. Homeland Security Investigations. The questioned old coin is among the most valuable in existence. Following the demise of Julius Caesar, Brutus struck coins to commemorate the historical event. It is believed that only three of these “Eid Mar” (Ides of March) coins still survive. In 2020, Beale and Roma Numismatics broke the auction record for an antique coin by selling one for approximately $4.2 million. It now appears that the currency was offered with a fraudulent provenance.
In a report by HSI Special Agent Brenton Easter, well-known for his work researching the smuggling of antiquities, Beale agreed to the conspiracy in what appears to be a plea bargain. Due to the continuing investigation, Easter and the HSI were unable to speak further. The plan looked to have been in the works for years. Once a member of the British Army, Beale, then in his forties, made a startling entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers in 2009.
Christopher Martin, chairman of the British Numismatic Trade Association, told ARTnews, “He was like a flash of lightning. He emerged and made his imprint in a market he was not raised in. Within a year, he was selling millions of pounds worth of coins. Nevertheless, it is precisely what occurred to him. Where did he originate? Nobody knew for certain.”
At that time, Beale constructed a modern coin auction company with slick brochures and contemporary photos practically overnight. Martin explained that, unlike his peers, he had neither a family background in the industry nor had he entered the pitch as a young man, gradually gaining a reputation as an expert. Others were awestruck as he began dealing millions of coins, seemingly without any prior experience. He had access to really precious coins.
In 2014, Beale acquired the most valuable antique coin that had ever been offered on the market. It was purportedly handed to him by the British-born Italian coin dealer Italo Vecchi. Throughout the years, Vecchi became well-known in the world of coins, initially as an individual dealer and later as an employee of numerous prominent coin dealing organisations. In the early 1990s, he worked for CNG, an American numismatic company. But, in 1992, he was discovered attempting to enter the United States with a stash of undeclared Greek coins, resulting in a brief period of difficulty for himself and CNG. He even worked with the British Museum along the way. According to the museum’s online data, 10 coins at the institution appear to have originated from Vecchi.
Vecchi began working as a consultant specialist for Roma Numismatics in his seventies. Vecchi allegedly also gifted Beale the Sicily Naxos Coin in 2013, which was struck in the Greek colony of Naxos circa 430 BC, according to a report by Easter. It represents Dionysus and Silenus, his drinking companion, on opposite sides. According to Easter’s report, the Sicilian Naxos Coin sold for $291,682 in the same 2020 sale that the Eid Mar coin was sold.
According to Easter’s investigation, Beale initially sought to sell the coins directly to an unidentified party during the 2015 Annual New York International Numismatics Conference in New York. This individual, known only as Informant No. 1, told Easter that Beale claimed the coin originated from “an ancient Swiss collection,” which, according to Easter, is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. Beale and Vecchi spent the following years arranging to forge documentation for the coins so that they could be sold at the auction house, according to Easter’s account.
Since the 2000s, there have been limits on the sale of antiquities and coins, as countries such as Italy and Greece have set importation restrictions on ancient coins and in some cases demanded the repatriation of coins found to have originated in those countries. The average coin dealer may find it challenging to navigate these laws, especially given the cultural shift surrounding repatriation.
In the instance of the Eid Mar Coin, silver denarii are occasionally discovered in this country. “The coin did circulate abroad,” Nigel Mills of the United Kingdom’s Noonans coin auction firm told ARTnews. “They traversed the entirety of Europe and North Africa. Even as far as India. They are present in so many countries that it is difficult to determine where they may have originated.
It is unknown how Vecchi obtained these coins and what issues they attempted to conceal. According to Easter’s assessment, the two allegedly paid for documentation claiming the coins were from the collection of Baron Dominique de Chambrier. Another informant working with Easter stated that Vecchi and Beale contacted them with an offer. They would pay the informant $107,000 if they signed fraudulent provenance documents. The informant stated that they declined. Prior to the fall sale of the coins, Beale supposedly had them shipped to New York for authentication by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, whereupon they passed inspection: the coins were authentic. “In 2020, NGC acquired an “EID MAR” aureus for examination from a London auction house and, after lengthy research, judged it to be authentic,” an NGC representative noted in an email to ARTnews. “The authenticity and quality of a coin are distinct from its provenance. It is not typical for NGC to comment on the origin of a coin, and it did not do so in this instance.”
Authorities seized both the Sicily Naxos Coin and the Eid Mar Coin. According to warrants obtained by ARTnews, the Sicilian Naxos Coin was taken on the grounds of John F. Kennedy Airport in late January of this year, and the Eid Mar Coin was seized in New York County in early February of this year, but the particular location has been redacted. According to a representative from the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, both coins will be returned to their respective countries.
Beale is charged with First and Second-Degree Grand Theft, First and Second-Degree Illegal Possession of Stolen Goods, Fourth-Degree Conspiracy, and First-Degree Fraud Scheme. Vecchi remains under investigation, although he has not yet been charged. It appears that Beale’s scam was uncovered after he sought to sell five coins reported to have been stolen from Gaza in 2022.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What is the significance of the Eid Mar coin, and why is it so valuable?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
One of the World’s Most Expensive Coins Was Sold Using Fake Provenance
Richard Beale, the owner and managing director of the London auction house Roma Numismatics, which dealt in ancient coins, was arrested in New York in January on multiple charges related to the sale of a multimillion-dollar coin, according to arrest warrants from the U.S. Homeland Security Investigations. The questioned old coin is among the most valuable in existence. Following the demise of Julius Caesar, Brutus struck coins to commemorate the historical event. It is believed that only three of these “Eid Mar” (Ides of March) coins still survive. In 2020, Beale and Roma Numismatics broke the auction record for an antique coin by selling one for approximately $4.2 million. It now appears that the currency was offered with a fraudulent provenance.
In a report by HSI Special Agent Brenton Easter, well-known for his work researching the smuggling of antiquities, Beale agreed to the conspiracy in what appears to be a plea bargain. Due to the continuing investigation, Easter and the HSI were unable to speak further. The plan looked to have been in the works for years. Once a member of the British Army, Beale, then in his forties, made a startling entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers in 2009.
Christopher Martin, chairman of the British Numismatic Trade Association, told ARTnews, “He was like a flash of lightning. He emerged and made his imprint in a market he was not raised in. Within a year, he was selling millions of pounds worth of coins. Nevertheless, it is precisely what occurred to him. Where did he originate? Nobody knew for certain.”
At that time, Beale constructed a modern coin auction company with slick brochures and contemporary photos practically overnight. Martin explained that, unlike his peers, he had neither a family background in the industry nor had he entered the pitch as a young man, gradually gaining a reputation as an expert. Others were awestruck as he began dealing millions of coins, seemingly without any prior experience. He had access to really precious coins.
In 2014, Beale acquired the most valuable antique coin that had ever been offered on the market. It was purportedly handed to him by the British-born Italian coin dealer Italo Vecchi. Throughout the years, Vecchi became well-known in the world of coins, initially as an individual dealer and later as an employee of numerous prominent coin dealing organisations. In the early 1990s, he worked for CNG, an American numismatic company. But, in 1992, he was discovered attempting to enter the United States with a stash of undeclared Greek coins, resulting in a brief period of difficulty for himself and CNG. He even worked with the British Museum along the way. According to the museum’s online data, 10 coins at the institution appear to have originated from Vecchi.
Vecchi began working as a consultant specialist for Roma Numismatics in his seventies. Vecchi allegedly also gifted Beale the Sicily Naxos Coin in 2013, which was struck in the Greek colony of Naxos circa 430 BC, according to a report by Easter. It represents Dionysus and Silenus, his drinking companion, on opposite sides. According to Easter’s report, the Sicilian Naxos Coin sold for $291,682 in the same 2020 sale that the Eid Mar coin was sold.
According to Easter’s investigation, Beale initially sought to sell the coins directly to an unidentified party during the 2015 Annual New York International Numismatics Conference in New York. This individual, known only as Informant No. 1, told Easter that Beale claimed the coin originated from “an ancient Swiss collection,” which, according to Easter, is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. Beale and Vecchi spent the following years arranging to forge documentation for the coins so that they could be sold at the auction house, according to Easter’s account.
Since the 2000s, there have been limits on the sale of antiquities and coins, as countries such as Italy and Greece have set importation restrictions on ancient coins and in some cases demanded the repatriation of coins found to have originated in those countries. The average coin dealer may find it challenging to navigate these laws, especially given the cultural shift surrounding repatriation.
In the instance of the Eid Mar Coin, silver denarii are occasionally discovered in this country. “The coin did circulate abroad,” Nigel Mills of the United Kingdom’s Noonans coin auction firm told ARTnews. “They traversed the entirety of Europe and North Africa. Even as far as India. They are present in so many countries that it is difficult to determine where they may have originated.
It is unknown how Vecchi obtained these coins and what issues they attempted to conceal. According to Easter’s assessment, the two allegedly paid for documentation claiming the coins were from the collection of Baron Dominique de Chambrier. Another informant working with Easter stated that Vecchi and Beale contacted them with an offer. They would pay the informant $107,000 if they signed fraudulent provenance documents. The informant stated that they declined. Prior to the fall sale of the coins, Beale supposedly had them shipped to New York for authentication by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, whereupon they passed inspection: the coins were authentic. “In 2020, NGC acquired an “EID MAR” aureus for examination from a London auction house and, after lengthy research, judged it to be authentic,” an NGC representative noted in an email to ARTnews. “The authenticity and quality of a coin are distinct from its provenance. It is not typical for NGC to comment on the origin of a coin, and it did not do so in this instance.”
Authorities seized both the Sicily Naxos Coin and the Eid Mar Coin. According to warrants obtained by ARTnews, the Sicilian Naxos Coin was taken on the grounds of John F. Kennedy Airport in late January of this year, and the Eid Mar Coin was seized in New York County in early February of this year, but the particular location has been redacted. According to a representative from the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, both coins will be returned to their respective countries.
Beale is charged with First and Second-Degree Grand Theft, First and Second-Degree Illegal Possession of Stolen Goods, Fourth-Degree Conspiracy, and First-Degree Fraud Scheme. Vecchi remains under investigation, although he has not yet been charged. It appears that Beale’s scam was uncovered after he sought to sell five coins reported to have been stolen from Gaza in 2022.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
The second paragraph expressed that Beale’s entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers was ‘startling’. What could be the reason for this?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
One of the World’s Most Expensive Coins Was Sold Using Fake Provenance
Richard Beale, the owner and managing director of the London auction house Roma Numismatics, which dealt in ancient coins, was arrested in New York in January on multiple charges related to the sale of a multimillion-dollar coin, according to arrest warrants from the U.S. Homeland Security Investigations. The questioned old coin is among the most valuable in existence. Following the demise of Julius Caesar, Brutus struck coins to commemorate the historical event. It is believed that only three of these “Eid Mar” (Ides of March) coins still survive. In 2020, Beale and Roma Numismatics broke the auction record for an antique coin by selling one for approximately $4.2 million. It now appears that the currency was offered with a fraudulent provenance.
In a report by HSI Special Agent Brenton Easter, well-known for his work researching the smuggling of antiquities, Beale agreed to the conspiracy in what appears to be a plea bargain. Due to the continuing investigation, Easter and the HSI were unable to speak further. The plan looked to have been in the works for years. Once a member of the British Army, Beale, then in his forties, made a startling entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers in 2009.
Christopher Martin, chairman of the British Numismatic Trade Association, told ARTnews, “He was like a flash of lightning. He emerged and made his imprint in a market he was not raised in. Within a year, he was selling millions of pounds worth of coins. Nevertheless, it is precisely what occurred to him. Where did he originate? Nobody knew for certain.”
At that time, Beale constructed a modern coin auction company with slick brochures and contemporary photos practically overnight. Martin explained that, unlike his peers, he had neither a family background in the industry nor had he entered the pitch as a young man, gradually gaining a reputation as an expert. Others were awestruck as he began dealing millions of coins, seemingly without any prior experience. He had access to really precious coins.
In 2014, Beale acquired the most valuable antique coin that had ever been offered on the market. It was purportedly handed to him by the British-born Italian coin dealer Italo Vecchi. Throughout the years, Vecchi became well-known in the world of coins, initially as an individual dealer and later as an employee of numerous prominent coin dealing organisations. In the early 1990s, he worked for CNG, an American numismatic company. But, in 1992, he was discovered attempting to enter the United States with a stash of undeclared Greek coins, resulting in a brief period of difficulty for himself and CNG. He even worked with the British Museum along the way. According to the museum’s online data, 10 coins at the institution appear to have originated from Vecchi.
Vecchi began working as a consultant specialist for Roma Numismatics in his seventies. Vecchi allegedly also gifted Beale the Sicily Naxos Coin in 2013, which was struck in the Greek colony of Naxos circa 430 BC, according to a report by Easter. It represents Dionysus and Silenus, his drinking companion, on opposite sides. According to Easter’s report, the Sicilian Naxos Coin sold for $291,682 in the same 2020 sale that the Eid Mar coin was sold.
According to Easter’s investigation, Beale initially sought to sell the coins directly to an unidentified party during the 2015 Annual New York International Numismatics Conference in New York. This individual, known only as Informant No. 1, told Easter that Beale claimed the coin originated from “an ancient Swiss collection,” which, according to Easter, is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. Beale and Vecchi spent the following years arranging to forge documentation for the coins so that they could be sold at the auction house, according to Easter’s account.
Since the 2000s, there have been limits on the sale of antiquities and coins, as countries such as Italy and Greece have set importation restrictions on ancient coins and in some cases demanded the repatriation of coins found to have originated in those countries. The average coin dealer may find it challenging to navigate these laws, especially given the cultural shift surrounding repatriation.
In the instance of the Eid Mar Coin, silver denarii are occasionally discovered in this country. “The coin did circulate abroad,” Nigel Mills of the United Kingdom’s Noonans coin auction firm told ARTnews. “They traversed the entirety of Europe and North Africa. Even as far as India. They are present in so many countries that it is difficult to determine where they may have originated.
It is unknown how Vecchi obtained these coins and what issues they attempted to conceal. According to Easter’s assessment, the two allegedly paid for documentation claiming the coins were from the collection of Baron Dominique de Chambrier. Another informant working with Easter stated that Vecchi and Beale contacted them with an offer. They would pay the informant $107,000 if they signed fraudulent provenance documents. The informant stated that they declined. Prior to the fall sale of the coins, Beale supposedly had them shipped to New York for authentication by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, whereupon they passed inspection: the coins were authentic. “In 2020, NGC acquired an “EID MAR” aureus for examination from a London auction house and, after lengthy research, judged it to be authentic,” an NGC representative noted in an email to ARTnews. “The authenticity and quality of a coin are distinct from its provenance. It is not typical for NGC to comment on the origin of a coin, and it did not do so in this instance.”
Authorities seized both the Sicily Naxos Coin and the Eid Mar Coin. According to warrants obtained by ARTnews, the Sicilian Naxos Coin was taken on the grounds of John F. Kennedy Airport in late January of this year, and the Eid Mar Coin was seized in New York County in early February of this year, but the particular location has been redacted. According to a representative from the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, both coins will be returned to their respective countries.
Beale is charged with First and Second-Degree Grand Theft, First and Second-Degree Illegal Possession of Stolen Goods, Fourth-Degree Conspiracy, and First-Degree Fraud Scheme. Vecchi remains under investigation, although he has not yet been charged. It appears that Beale’s scam was uncovered after he sought to sell five coins reported to have been stolen from Gaza in 2022.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
What impact has the cultural shift surrounding repatriation had on the market for ancient coins and artefacts?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
One of the World’s Most Expensive Coins Was Sold Using Fake Provenance
Richard Beale, the owner and managing director of the London auction house Roma Numismatics, which dealt in ancient coins, was arrested in New York in January on multiple charges related to the sale of a multimillion-dollar coin, according to arrest warrants from the U.S. Homeland Security Investigations. The questioned old coin is among the most valuable in existence. Following the demise of Julius Caesar, Brutus struck coins to commemorate the historical event. It is believed that only three of these “Eid Mar” (Ides of March) coins still survive. In 2020, Beale and Roma Numismatics broke the auction record for an antique coin by selling one for approximately $4.2 million. It now appears that the currency was offered with a fraudulent provenance.
In a report by HSI Special Agent Brenton Easter, well-known for his work researching the smuggling of antiquities, Beale agreed to the conspiracy in what appears to be a plea bargain. Due to the continuing investigation, Easter and the HSI were unable to speak further. The plan looked to have been in the works for years. Once a member of the British Army, Beale, then in his forties, made a startling entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers in 2009.
Christopher Martin, chairman of the British Numismatic Trade Association, told ARTnews, “He was like a flash of lightning. He emerged and made his imprint in a market he was not raised in. Within a year, he was selling millions of pounds worth of coins. Nevertheless, it is precisely what occurred to him. Where did he originate? Nobody knew for certain.”
At that time, Beale constructed a modern coin auction company with slick brochures and contemporary photos practically overnight. Martin explained that, unlike his peers, he had neither a family background in the industry nor had he entered the pitch as a young man, gradually gaining a reputation as an expert. Others were awestruck as he began dealing millions of coins, seemingly without any prior experience. He had access to really precious coins.
In 2014, Beale acquired the most valuable antique coin that had ever been offered on the market. It was purportedly handed to him by the British-born Italian coin dealer Italo Vecchi. Throughout the years, Vecchi became well-known in the world of coins, initially as an individual dealer and later as an employee of numerous prominent coin dealing organisations. In the early 1990s, he worked for CNG, an American numismatic company. But, in 1992, he was discovered attempting to enter the United States with a stash of undeclared Greek coins, resulting in a brief period of difficulty for himself and CNG. He even worked with the British Museum along the way. According to the museum’s online data, 10 coins at the institution appear to have originated from Vecchi.
Vecchi began working as a consultant specialist for Roma Numismatics in his seventies. Vecchi allegedly also gifted Beale the Sicily Naxos Coin in 2013, which was struck in the Greek colony of Naxos circa 430 BC, according to a report by Easter. It represents Dionysus and Silenus, his drinking companion, on opposite sides. According to Easter’s report, the Sicilian Naxos Coin sold for $291,682 in the same 2020 sale that the Eid Mar coin was sold.
According to Easter’s investigation, Beale initially sought to sell the coins directly to an unidentified party during the 2015 Annual New York International Numismatics Conference in New York. This individual, known only as Informant No. 1, told Easter that Beale claimed the coin originated from “an ancient Swiss collection,” which, according to Easter, is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. Beale and Vecchi spent the following years arranging to forge documentation for the coins so that they could be sold at the auction house, according to Easter’s account.
Since the 2000s, there have been limits on the sale of antiquities and coins, as countries such as Italy and Greece have set importation restrictions on ancient coins and in some cases demanded the repatriation of coins found to have originated in those countries. The average coin dealer may find it challenging to navigate these laws, especially given the cultural shift surrounding repatriation.
In the instance of the Eid Mar Coin, silver denarii are occasionally discovered in this country. “The coin did circulate abroad,” Nigel Mills of the United Kingdom’s Noonans coin auction firm told ARTnews. “They traversed the entirety of Europe and North Africa. Even as far as India. They are present in so many countries that it is difficult to determine where they may have originated.
It is unknown how Vecchi obtained these coins and what issues they attempted to conceal. According to Easter’s assessment, the two allegedly paid for documentation claiming the coins were from the collection of Baron Dominique de Chambrier. Another informant working with Easter stated that Vecchi and Beale contacted them with an offer. They would pay the informant $107,000 if they signed fraudulent provenance documents. The informant stated that they declined. Prior to the fall sale of the coins, Beale supposedly had them shipped to New York for authentication by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, whereupon they passed inspection: the coins were authentic. “In 2020, NGC acquired an “EID MAR” aureus for examination from a London auction house and, after lengthy research, judged it to be authentic,” an NGC representative noted in an email to ARTnews. “The authenticity and quality of a coin are distinct from its provenance. It is not typical for NGC to comment on the origin of a coin, and it did not do so in this instance.”
Authorities seized both the Sicily Naxos Coin and the Eid Mar Coin. According to warrants obtained by ARTnews, the Sicilian Naxos Coin was taken on the grounds of John F. Kennedy Airport in late January of this year, and the Eid Mar Coin was seized in New York County in early February of this year, but the particular location has been redacted. According to a representative from the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, both coins will be returned to their respective countries.
Beale is charged with First and Second-Degree Grand Theft, First and Second-Degree Illegal Possession of Stolen Goods, Fourth-Degree Conspiracy, and First-Degree Fraud Scheme. Vecchi remains under investigation, although he has not yet been charged. It appears that Beale’s scam was uncovered after he sought to sell five coins reported to have been stolen from Gaza in 2022.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
According to the article, saying that something “originated from an ancient Swiss collection,” is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. What does this imply?
Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.
One of the World’s Most Expensive Coins Was Sold Using Fake Provenance
Richard Beale, the owner and managing director of the London auction house Roma Numismatics, which dealt in ancient coins, was arrested in New York in January on multiple charges related to the sale of a multimillion-dollar coin, according to arrest warrants from the U.S. Homeland Security Investigations. The questioned old coin is among the most valuable in existence. Following the demise of Julius Caesar, Brutus struck coins to commemorate the historical event. It is believed that only three of these “Eid Mar” (Ides of March) coins still survive. In 2020, Beale and Roma Numismatics broke the auction record for an antique coin by selling one for approximately $4.2 million. It now appears that the currency was offered with a fraudulent provenance.
In a report by HSI Special Agent Brenton Easter, well-known for his work researching the smuggling of antiquities, Beale agreed to the conspiracy in what appears to be a plea bargain. Due to the continuing investigation, Easter and the HSI were unable to speak further. The plan looked to have been in the works for years. Once a member of the British Army, Beale, then in his forties, made a startling entrance into London’s small world of coin dealers in 2009.
Christopher Martin, chairman of the British Numismatic Trade Association, told ARTnews, “He was like a flash of lightning. He emerged and made his imprint in a market he was not raised in. Within a year, he was selling millions of pounds worth of coins. Nevertheless, it is precisely what occurred to him. Where did he originate? Nobody knew for certain.”
At that time, Beale constructed a modern coin auction company with slick brochures and contemporary photos practically overnight. Martin explained that, unlike his peers, he had neither a family background in the industry nor had he entered the pitch as a young man, gradually gaining a reputation as an expert. Others were awestruck as he began dealing millions of coins, seemingly without any prior experience. He had access to really precious coins.
In 2014, Beale acquired the most valuable antique coin that had ever been offered on the market. It was purportedly handed to him by the British-born Italian coin dealer Italo Vecchi. Throughout the years, Vecchi became well-known in the world of coins, initially as an individual dealer and later as an employee of numerous prominent coin dealing organisations. In the early 1990s, he worked for CNG, an American numismatic company. But, in 1992, he was discovered attempting to enter the United States with a stash of undeclared Greek coins, resulting in a brief period of difficulty for himself and CNG. He even worked with the British Museum along the way. According to the museum’s online data, 10 coins at the institution appear to have originated from Vecchi.
Vecchi began working as a consultant specialist for Roma Numismatics in his seventies. Vecchi allegedly also gifted Beale the Sicily Naxos Coin in 2013, which was struck in the Greek colony of Naxos circa 430 BC, according to a report by Easter. It represents Dionysus and Silenus, his drinking companion, on opposite sides. According to Easter’s report, the Sicilian Naxos Coin sold for $291,682 in the same 2020 sale that the Eid Mar coin was sold.
According to Easter’s investigation, Beale initially sought to sell the coins directly to an unidentified party during the 2015 Annual New York International Numismatics Conference in New York. This individual, known only as Informant No. 1, told Easter that Beale claimed the coin originated from “an ancient Swiss collection,” which, according to Easter, is an antiques trade euphemism for an object with questionable provenance. Beale and Vecchi spent the following years arranging to forge documentation for the coins so that they could be sold at the auction house, according to Easter’s account.
Since the 2000s, there have been limits on the sale of antiquities and coins, as countries such as Italy and Greece have set importation restrictions on ancient coins and in some cases demanded the repatriation of coins found to have originated in those countries. The average coin dealer may find it challenging to navigate these laws, especially given the cultural shift surrounding repatriation.
In the instance of the Eid Mar Coin, silver denarii are occasionally discovered in this country. “The coin did circulate abroad,” Nigel Mills of the United Kingdom’s Noonans coin auction firm told ARTnews. “They traversed the entirety of Europe and North Africa. Even as far as India. They are present in so many countries that it is difficult to determine where they may have originated.
It is unknown how Vecchi obtained these coins and what issues they attempted to conceal. According to Easter’s assessment, the two allegedly paid for documentation claiming the coins were from the collection of Baron Dominique de Chambrier. Another informant working with Easter stated that Vecchi and Beale contacted them with an offer. They would pay the informant $107,000 if they signed fraudulent provenance documents. The informant stated that they declined. Prior to the fall sale of the coins, Beale supposedly had them shipped to New York for authentication by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation, whereupon they passed inspection: the coins were authentic. “In 2020, NGC acquired an “EID MAR” aureus for examination from a London auction house and, after lengthy research, judged it to be authentic,” an NGC representative noted in an email to ARTnews. “The authenticity and quality of a coin are distinct from its provenance. It is not typical for NGC to comment on the origin of a coin, and it did not do so in this instance.”
Authorities seized both the Sicily Naxos Coin and the Eid Mar Coin. According to warrants obtained by ARTnews, the Sicilian Naxos Coin was taken on the grounds of John F. Kennedy Airport in late January of this year, and the Eid Mar Coin was seized in New York County in early February of this year, but the particular location has been redacted. According to a representative from the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, both coins will be returned to their respective countries.
Beale is charged with First and Second-Degree Grand Theft, First and Second-Degree Illegal Possession of Stolen Goods, Fourth-Degree Conspiracy, and First-Degree Fraud Scheme. Vecchi remains under investigation, although he has not yet been charged. It appears that Beale’s scam was uncovered after he sought to sell five coins reported to have been stolen from Gaza in 2022.
Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.
The following are challenges that coin dealers face when navigating the laws surrounding the sale of antiquities and coins EXCEPT