DAY 2 – Summer Holiday Group 6 Year 6 English Trial Test

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Common Causes of Stress in Children

Most adults consider childhood to be the happiest time of their lives, but children and adolescents are susceptible to stress, which, due to its negative impact on their mood, can even lead to depression. Stress is dangerous to children. Studies indicate that nearly one in four adolescents will experience depression before the age of 19, due to peer pressure, scholastic worries, and other factors. With SATs examinations in the spring for elementary school students and GCSEs and A-Levels in the summer for secondary school students, many adolescents may be feeling worried. 

School is the leading cause of stress in children. Numerous children feel pressure to perform well in school. And for some, all the lessons they must absorb during the day, in addition to the homework they must complete at night, might be overwhelming. In addition, if a youngster falls behind on their homework, they may experience stress. It typically indicates that they do not have enough time to play or engage in other enjoyable activities. Exams can be stressful for children and adolescents, and according to Childline, those aged 12 to 15 were most likely to seek assistance for exam anxiety. Not wanting to disappoint their parents and the fear of failing were two of the most prevalent concerns. Consequently, many who contacted Childline reported that test stress was causing them to experience despair, anxiety, panic attacks, and low self-esteem.

The second is peer pressure. Making friends can be challenging, and many children feel pressure to conform. Sometimes this requires them to do things with which they are uncomfortable or uncertain. Bullying is an additional cause of child stress. According to the organisation Young Minds, more than one million young people are bullied annually. As a concerned individual, there are some signs you may look for that may indicate your friend is experiencing bullying. These include becoming withdrawn and nervous, performing poorly in school, feigning illness to avoid attending school, not eating or sleeping well, having unexplained injuries such as bruising, and losing their belongings.

World events are another cause. Today, it is hard to shield youngsters from terrible news about war, natural catastrophes, and terrorist crimes. Consequently, some youngsters may be concerned for their own safety as well as that of their parents, relatives, and friends. Finally, the final common cause of stress in children is family problems or changes. A child or adolescent may exhibit signs of stress in response to family difficulties and changes in the status quo, such as a move to a new residence or the separation of parents.

Extract B: Effects of Stress on Child Development

Stress is a natural and essential component of infant development. Nevertheless, the impact of stress on infant development should not be minimised. Determine the reasons and their effects on children. Physiological stress is caused by changes in the external environment, but psychological stress has its origins in the brain. The occurrence of a psychological stress reaction is influenced by past experiences.

When the stress response is engaged, the intensity, duration, and long-term consequences of stress are determined by a child’s impression of control over the stressor based on earlier experiences. That is, given the identical stressor, each kid sees it differently according to their own prior life experiences.

Stress is a normal and unavoidable aspect of childhood. Stress is experienced by foetuses before birth. Consequently, how can toxic stress affect brain development?

A certain level of stress is necessary for human improvement. It helps youngsters acquire the abilities they will need to deal with unfamiliar and sometimes risky circumstances throughout their lives. Situations that induce stress activate the body’s alarm systems. The ensuing fight-or-flight reaction causes physiological changes, including an increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, total oxygen consumption, and the production of stress hormones. Positive and acceptable stresses produce a temporary stress response. When the stressor is no longer there, the body returns to its normal condition.

Positive and acceptable stress may support a child’s growth, but toxic stress can impair the structure of numerous regions of the brain. The negative effects of stress on a growing brain are as follows.Toxic stress increases the release of stress chemicals, including cortisol. Persistently elevated cortisol levels may cause the learning and memory centre and the executive function centre to atrophy, impeding the cognitive development of a kid. The cognitive deficiencies and poor impulse control that arise may persist throughout adulthood.

Repeated and extended stimulation of stress response mechanisms leads the brain’s emotional centre to enlarge and become hyperactive. Children that grow up with toxic stress are therefore more worried or violent. They often experience emotional dysregulation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that toxic stress may result in mental disease later in life, such as somatic disorder, hallucinations, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts.

Toxic stress damages more than just the brain. It may also impair physical health. In stressful settings, the stress hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system, making a person more vulnerable to infectious infections and chronic ailments. Children who are exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease. They have a worse feeling of well-being, have more work-related issues, and die up to 20 years sooner. The effects of toxic stress on a child’s physical and mental health are devastating. Early childhood stress may have lasting negative effects on a child’s health.

Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer. 

What is the relationship of both extracts?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Common Causes of Stress in Children

Most adults consider childhood to be the happiest time of their lives, but children and adolescents are susceptible to stress, which, due to its negative impact on their mood, can even lead to depression. Stress is dangerous to children. Studies indicate that nearly one in four adolescents will experience depression before the age of 19, due to peer pressure, scholastic worries, and other factors. With SATs examinations in the spring for elementary school students and GCSEs and A-Levels in the summer for secondary school students, many adolescents may be feeling worried. 

School is the leading cause of stress in children. Numerous children feel pressure to perform well in school. And for some, all the lessons they must absorb during the day, in addition to the homework they must complete at night, might be overwhelming. In addition, if a youngster falls behind on their homework, they may experience stress. It typically indicates that they do not have enough time to play or engage in other enjoyable activities. Exams can be stressful for children and adolescents, and according to Childline, those aged 12 to 15 were most likely to seek assistance for exam anxiety. Not wanting to disappoint their parents and the fear of failing were two of the most prevalent concerns. Consequently, many who contacted Childline reported that test stress was causing them to experience despair, anxiety, panic attacks, and low self-esteem.

The second is peer pressure. Making friends can be challenging, and many children feel pressure to conform. Sometimes this requires them to do things with which they are uncomfortable or uncertain. Bullying is an additional cause of child stress. According to the organisation Young Minds, more than one million young people are bullied annually. As a concerned individual, there are some signs you may look for that may indicate your friend is experiencing bullying. These include becoming withdrawn and nervous, performing poorly in school, feigning illness to avoid attending school, not eating or sleeping well, having unexplained injuries such as bruising, and losing their belongings.

World events are another cause. Today, it is hard to shield youngsters from terrible news about war, natural catastrophes, and terrorist crimes. Consequently, some youngsters may be concerned for their own safety as well as that of their parents, relatives, and friends. Finally, the final common cause of stress in children is family problems or changes. A child or adolescent may exhibit signs of stress in response to family difficulties and changes in the status quo, such as a move to a new residence or the separation of parents.

Extract B: Effects of Stress on Child Development

Stress is a natural and essential component of infant development. Nevertheless, the impact of stress on infant development should not be minimised. Determine the reasons and their effects on children. Physiological stress is caused by changes in the external environment, but psychological stress has its origins in the brain. The occurrence of a psychological stress reaction is influenced by past experiences.

When the stress response is engaged, the intensity, duration, and long-term consequences of stress are determined by a child’s impression of control over the stressor based on earlier experiences. That is, given the identical stressor, each kid sees it differently according to their own prior life experiences.

Stress is a normal and unavoidable aspect of childhood. Stress is experienced by foetuses before birth. Consequently, how can toxic stress affect brain development?

A certain level of stress is necessary for human improvement. It helps youngsters acquire the abilities they will need to deal with unfamiliar and sometimes risky circumstances throughout their lives. Situations that induce stress activate the body’s alarm systems. The ensuing fight-or-flight reaction causes physiological changes, including an increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, total oxygen consumption, and the production of stress hormones. Positive and acceptable stresses produce a temporary stress response. When the stressor is no longer there, the body returns to its normal condition.

Positive and acceptable stress may support a child’s growth, but toxic stress can impair the structure of numerous regions of the brain. The negative effects of stress on a growing brain are as follows.Toxic stress increases the release of stress chemicals, including cortisol. Persistently elevated cortisol levels may cause the learning and memory centre and the executive function centre to atrophy, impeding the cognitive development of a kid. The cognitive deficiencies and poor impulse control that arise may persist throughout adulthood.

Repeated and extended stimulation of stress response mechanisms leads the brain’s emotional centre to enlarge and become hyperactive. Children that grow up with toxic stress are therefore more worried or violent. They often experience emotional dysregulation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that toxic stress may result in mental disease later in life, such as somatic disorder, hallucinations, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts.

Toxic stress damages more than just the brain. It may also impair physical health. In stressful settings, the stress hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system, making a person more vulnerable to infectious infections and chronic ailments. Children who are exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease. They have a worse feeling of well-being, have more work-related issues, and die up to 20 years sooner. The effects of toxic stress on a child’s physical and mental health are devastating. Early childhood stress may have lasting negative effects on a child’s health.

What is the purpose of both extracts?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Common Causes of Stress in Children

Most adults consider childhood to be the happiest time of their lives, but children and adolescents are susceptible to stress, which, due to its negative impact on their mood, can even lead to depression. Stress is dangerous to children. Studies indicate that nearly one in four adolescents will experience depression before the age of 19, due to peer pressure, scholastic worries, and other factors. With SATs examinations in the spring for elementary school students and GCSEs and A-Levels in the summer for secondary school students, many adolescents may be feeling worried. 

School is the leading cause of stress in children. Numerous children feel pressure to perform well in school. And for some, all the lessons they must absorb during the day, in addition to the homework they must complete at night, might be overwhelming. In addition, if a youngster falls behind on their homework, they may experience stress. It typically indicates that they do not have enough time to play or engage in other enjoyable activities. Exams can be stressful for children and adolescents, and according to Childline, those aged 12 to 15 were most likely to seek assistance for exam anxiety. Not wanting to disappoint their parents and the fear of failing were two of the most prevalent concerns. Consequently, many who contacted Childline reported that test stress was causing them to experience despair, anxiety, panic attacks, and low self-esteem.

The second is peer pressure. Making friends can be challenging, and many children feel pressure to conform. Sometimes this requires them to do things with which they are uncomfortable or uncertain. Bullying is an additional cause of child stress. According to the organisation Young Minds, more than one million young people are bullied annually. As a concerned individual, there are some signs you may look for that may indicate your friend is experiencing bullying. These include becoming withdrawn and nervous, performing poorly in school, feigning illness to avoid attending school, not eating or sleeping well, having unexplained injuries such as bruising, and losing their belongings.

World events are another cause. Today, it is hard to shield youngsters from terrible news about war, natural catastrophes, and terrorist crimes. Consequently, some youngsters may be concerned for their own safety as well as that of their parents, relatives, and friends. Finally, the final common cause of stress in children is family problems or changes. A child or adolescent may exhibit signs of stress in response to family difficulties and changes in the status quo, such as a move to a new residence or the separation of parents.

Extract B: Effects of Stress on Child Development

Stress is a natural and essential component of infant development. Nevertheless, the impact of stress on infant development should not be minimised. Determine the reasons and their effects on children. Physiological stress is caused by changes in the external environment, but psychological stress has its origins in the brain. The occurrence of a psychological stress reaction is influenced by past experiences.

When the stress response is engaged, the intensity, duration, and long-term consequences of stress are determined by a child’s impression of control over the stressor based on earlier experiences. That is, given the identical stressor, each kid sees it differently according to their own prior life experiences.

Stress is a normal and unavoidable aspect of childhood. Stress is experienced by foetuses before birth. Consequently, how can toxic stress affect brain development?

A certain level of stress is necessary for human improvement. It helps youngsters acquire the abilities they will need to deal with unfamiliar and sometimes risky circumstances throughout their lives. Situations that induce stress activate the body’s alarm systems. The ensuing fight-or-flight reaction causes physiological changes, including an increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, total oxygen consumption, and the production of stress hormones. Positive and acceptable stresses produce a temporary stress response. When the stressor is no longer there, the body returns to its normal condition.

Positive and acceptable stress may support a child’s growth, but toxic stress can impair the structure of numerous regions of the brain. The negative effects of stress on a growing brain are as follows.Toxic stress increases the release of stress chemicals, including cortisol. Persistently elevated cortisol levels may cause the learning and memory centre and the executive function centre to atrophy, impeding the cognitive development of a kid. The cognitive deficiencies and poor impulse control that arise may persist throughout adulthood.

Repeated and extended stimulation of stress response mechanisms leads the brain’s emotional centre to enlarge and become hyperactive. Children that grow up with toxic stress are therefore more worried or violent. They often experience emotional dysregulation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that toxic stress may result in mental disease later in life, such as somatic disorder, hallucinations, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts.

Toxic stress damages more than just the brain. It may also impair physical health. In stressful settings, the stress hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system, making a person more vulnerable to infectious infections and chronic ailments. Children who are exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease. They have a worse feeling of well-being, have more work-related issues, and die up to 20 years sooner. The effects of toxic stress on a child’s physical and mental health are devastating. Early childhood stress may have lasting negative effects on a child’s health.

Which is NOT a fact mentioned in any of the extracts?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Common Causes of Stress in Children

Most adults consider childhood to be the happiest time of their lives, but children and adolescents are susceptible to stress, which, due to its negative impact on their mood, can even lead to depression. Stress is dangerous to children. Studies indicate that nearly one in four adolescents will experience depression before the age of 19, due to peer pressure, scholastic worries, and other factors. With SATs examinations in the spring for elementary school students and GCSEs and A-Levels in the summer for secondary school students, many adolescents may be feeling worried. 

School is the leading cause of stress in children. Numerous children feel pressure to perform well in school. And for some, all the lessons they must absorb during the day, in addition to the homework they must complete at night, might be overwhelming. In addition, if a youngster falls behind on their homework, they may experience stress. It typically indicates that they do not have enough time to play or engage in other enjoyable activities. Exams can be stressful for children and adolescents, and according to Childline, those aged 12 to 15 were most likely to seek assistance for exam anxiety. Not wanting to disappoint their parents and the fear of failing were two of the most prevalent concerns. Consequently, many who contacted Childline reported that test stress was causing them to experience despair, anxiety, panic attacks, and low self-esteem.

The second is peer pressure. Making friends can be challenging, and many children feel pressure to conform. Sometimes this requires them to do things with which they are uncomfortable or uncertain. Bullying is an additional cause of child stress. According to the organisation Young Minds, more than one million young people are bullied annually. As a concerned individual, there are some signs you may look for that may indicate your friend is experiencing bullying. These include becoming withdrawn and nervous, performing poorly in school, feigning illness to avoid attending school, not eating or sleeping well, having unexplained injuries such as bruising, and losing their belongings.

World events are another cause. Today, it is hard to shield youngsters from terrible news about war, natural catastrophes, and terrorist crimes. Consequently, some youngsters may be concerned for their own safety as well as that of their parents, relatives, and friends. Finally, the final common cause of stress in children is family problems or changes. A child or adolescent may exhibit signs of stress in response to family difficulties and changes in the status quo, such as a move to a new residence or the separation of parents.

Extract B: Effects of Stress on Child Development

Stress is a natural and essential component of infant development. Nevertheless, the impact of stress on infant development should not be minimised. Determine the reasons and their effects on children. Physiological stress is caused by changes in the external environment, but psychological stress has its origins in the brain. The occurrence of a psychological stress reaction is influenced by past experiences.

When the stress response is engaged, the intensity, duration, and long-term consequences of stress are determined by a child’s impression of control over the stressor based on earlier experiences. That is, given the identical stressor, each kid sees it differently according to their own prior life experiences.

Stress is a normal and unavoidable aspect of childhood. Stress is experienced by foetuses before birth. Consequently, how can toxic stress affect brain development?

A certain level of stress is necessary for human improvement. It helps youngsters acquire the abilities they will need to deal with unfamiliar and sometimes risky circumstances throughout their lives. Situations that induce stress activate the body’s alarm systems. The ensuing fight-or-flight reaction causes physiological changes, including an increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, total oxygen consumption, and the production of stress hormones. Positive and acceptable stresses produce a temporary stress response. When the stressor is no longer there, the body returns to its normal condition.

Positive and acceptable stress may support a child’s growth, but toxic stress can impair the structure of numerous regions of the brain. The negative effects of stress on a growing brain are as follows.Toxic stress increases the release of stress chemicals, including cortisol. Persistently elevated cortisol levels may cause the learning and memory centre and the executive function centre to atrophy, impeding the cognitive development of a kid. The cognitive deficiencies and poor impulse control that arise may persist throughout adulthood.

Repeated and extended stimulation of stress response mechanisms leads the brain’s emotional centre to enlarge and become hyperactive. Children that grow up with toxic stress are therefore more worried or violent. They often experience emotional dysregulation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that toxic stress may result in mental disease later in life, such as somatic disorder, hallucinations, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts.

Toxic stress damages more than just the brain. It may also impair physical health. In stressful settings, the stress hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system, making a person more vulnerable to infectious infections and chronic ailments. Children who are exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease. They have a worse feeling of well-being, have more work-related issues, and die up to 20 years sooner. The effects of toxic stress on a child’s physical and mental health are devastating. Early childhood stress may have lasting negative effects on a child’s health.

What is the most important lesson from the extracts?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Common Causes of Stress in Children

Most adults consider childhood to be the happiest time of their lives, but children and adolescents are susceptible to stress, which, due to its negative impact on their mood, can even lead to depression. Stress is dangerous to children. Studies indicate that nearly one in four adolescents will experience depression before the age of 19, due to peer pressure, scholastic worries, and other factors. With SATs examinations in the spring for elementary school students and GCSEs and A-Levels in the summer for secondary school students, many adolescents may be feeling worried. 

School is the leading cause of stress in children. Numerous children feel pressure to perform well in school. And for some, all the lessons they must absorb during the day, in addition to the homework they must complete at night, might be overwhelming. In addition, if a youngster falls behind on their homework, they may experience stress. It typically indicates that they do not have enough time to play or engage in other enjoyable activities. Exams can be stressful for children and adolescents, and according to Childline, those aged 12 to 15 were most likely to seek assistance for exam anxiety. Not wanting to disappoint their parents and the fear of failing were two of the most prevalent concerns. Consequently, many who contacted Childline reported that test stress was causing them to experience despair, anxiety, panic attacks, and low self-esteem.

The second is peer pressure. Making friends can be challenging, and many children feel pressure to conform. Sometimes this requires them to do things with which they are uncomfortable or uncertain. Bullying is an additional cause of child stress. According to the organisation Young Minds, more than one million young people are bullied annually. As a concerned individual, there are some signs you may look for that may indicate your friend is experiencing bullying. These include becoming withdrawn and nervous, performing poorly in school, feigning illness to avoid attending school, not eating or sleeping well, having unexplained injuries such as bruising, and losing their belongings.

World events are another cause. Today, it is hard to shield youngsters from terrible news about war, natural catastrophes, and terrorist crimes. Consequently, some youngsters may be concerned for their own safety as well as that of their parents, relatives, and friends. Finally, the final common cause of stress in children is family problems or changes. A child or adolescent may exhibit signs of stress in response to family difficulties and changes in the status quo, such as a move to a new residence or the separation of parents.

Extract B: Effects of Stress on Child Development

Stress is a natural and essential component of infant development. Nevertheless, the impact of stress on infant development should not be minimised. Determine the reasons and their effects on children. Physiological stress is caused by changes in the external environment, but psychological stress has its origins in the brain. The occurrence of a psychological stress reaction is influenced by past experiences.

When the stress response is engaged, the intensity, duration, and long-term consequences of stress are determined by a child’s impression of control over the stressor based on earlier experiences. That is, given the identical stressor, each kid sees it differently according to their own prior life experiences.

Stress is a normal and unavoidable aspect of childhood. Stress is experienced by foetuses before birth. Consequently, how can toxic stress affect brain development?

A certain level of stress is necessary for human improvement. It helps youngsters acquire the abilities they will need to deal with unfamiliar and sometimes risky circumstances throughout their lives. Situations that induce stress activate the body’s alarm systems. The ensuing fight-or-flight reaction causes physiological changes, including an increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, total oxygen consumption, and the production of stress hormones. Positive and acceptable stresses produce a temporary stress response. When the stressor is no longer there, the body returns to its normal condition.

Positive and acceptable stress may support a child’s growth, but toxic stress can impair the structure of numerous regions of the brain. The negative effects of stress on a growing brain are as follows.Toxic stress increases the release of stress chemicals, including cortisol. Persistently elevated cortisol levels may cause the learning and memory centre and the executive function centre to atrophy, impeding the cognitive development of a kid. The cognitive deficiencies and poor impulse control that arise may persist throughout adulthood.

Repeated and extended stimulation of stress response mechanisms leads the brain’s emotional centre to enlarge and become hyperactive. Children that grow up with toxic stress are therefore more worried or violent. They often experience emotional dysregulation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that toxic stress may result in mental disease later in life, such as somatic disorder, hallucinations, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts.

Toxic stress damages more than just the brain. It may also impair physical health. In stressful settings, the stress hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system, making a person more vulnerable to infectious infections and chronic ailments. Children who are exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease. They have a worse feeling of well-being, have more work-related issues, and die up to 20 years sooner. The effects of toxic stress on a child’s physical and mental health are devastating. Early childhood stress may have lasting negative effects on a child’s health.

How are the two extracts different?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Extract A: Common Causes of Stress in Children

Most adults consider childhood to be the happiest time of their lives, but children and adolescents are susceptible to stress, which, due to its negative impact on their mood, can even lead to depression. Stress is dangerous to children. Studies indicate that nearly one in four adolescents will experience depression before the age of 19, due to peer pressure, scholastic worries, and other factors. With SATs examinations in the spring for elementary school students and GCSEs and A-Levels in the summer for secondary school students, many adolescents may be feeling worried. 

School is the leading cause of stress in children. Numerous children feel pressure to perform well in school. And for some, all the lessons they must absorb during the day, in addition to the homework they must complete at night, might be overwhelming. In addition, if a youngster falls behind on their homework, they may experience stress. It typically indicates that they do not have enough time to play or engage in other enjoyable activities. Exams can be stressful for children and adolescents, and according to Childline, those aged 12 to 15 were most likely to seek assistance for exam anxiety. Not wanting to disappoint their parents and the fear of failing were two of the most prevalent concerns. Consequently, many who contacted Childline reported that test stress was causing them to experience despair, anxiety, panic attacks, and low self-esteem.

The second is peer pressure. Making friends can be challenging, and many children feel pressure to conform. Sometimes this requires them to do things with which they are uncomfortable or uncertain. Bullying is an additional cause of child stress. According to the organisation Young Minds, more than one million young people are bullied annually. As a concerned individual, there are some signs you may look for that may indicate your friend is experiencing bullying. These include becoming withdrawn and nervous, performing poorly in school, feigning illness to avoid attending school, not eating or sleeping well, having unexplained injuries such as bruising, and losing their belongings.

World events are another cause. Today, it is hard to shield youngsters from terrible news about war, natural catastrophes, and terrorist crimes. Consequently, some youngsters may be concerned for their own safety as well as that of their parents, relatives, and friends. Finally, the final common cause of stress in children is family problems or changes. A child or adolescent may exhibit signs of stress in response to family difficulties and changes in the status quo, such as a move to a new residence or the separation of parents.

Extract B: Effects of Stress on Child Development

Stress is a natural and essential component of infant development. Nevertheless, the impact of stress on infant development should not be minimised. Determine the reasons and their effects on children. Physiological stress is caused by changes in the external environment, but psychological stress has its origins in the brain. The occurrence of a psychological stress reaction is influenced by past experiences.

When the stress response is engaged, the intensity, duration, and long-term consequences of stress are determined by a child’s impression of control over the stressor based on earlier experiences. That is, given the identical stressor, each kid sees it differently according to their own prior life experiences.

Stress is a normal and unavoidable aspect of childhood. Stress is experienced by foetuses before birth. Consequently, how can toxic stress affect brain development?

A certain level of stress is necessary for human improvement. It helps youngsters acquire the abilities they will need to deal with unfamiliar and sometimes risky circumstances throughout their lives. Situations that induce stress activate the body’s alarm systems. The ensuing fight-or-flight reaction causes physiological changes, including an increase in respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, total oxygen consumption, and the production of stress hormones. Positive and acceptable stresses produce a temporary stress response. When the stressor is no longer there, the body returns to its normal condition.

Positive and acceptable stress may support a child’s growth, but toxic stress can impair the structure of numerous regions of the brain. The negative effects of stress on a growing brain are as follows.Toxic stress increases the release of stress chemicals, including cortisol. Persistently elevated cortisol levels may cause the learning and memory centre and the executive function centre to atrophy, impeding the cognitive development of a kid. The cognitive deficiencies and poor impulse control that arise may persist throughout adulthood.

Repeated and extended stimulation of stress response mechanisms leads the brain’s emotional centre to enlarge and become hyperactive. Children that grow up with toxic stress are therefore more worried or violent. They often experience emotional dysregulation. Extensive empirical evidence demonstrates that toxic stress may result in mental disease later in life, such as somatic disorder, hallucinations, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and suicide attempts.

Toxic stress damages more than just the brain. It may also impair physical health. In stressful settings, the stress hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system, making a person more vulnerable to infectious infections and chronic ailments. Children who are exposed to toxic stress are at a greater risk for developing chronic diseases such as heart disease. They have a worse feeling of well-being, have more work-related issues, and die up to 20 years sooner. The effects of toxic stress on a child’s physical and mental health are devastating. Early childhood stress may have lasting negative effects on a child’s health.

What is the theme of both extracts?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree by William Blake

I was angry with my friend:

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears 5

Night and morning with my tears,

And I sunned it with smiles

And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright, 10

And my foe beheld it shine,

And he knew that it was mine,–

And into my garden stole

When the night had veiled the pole;

In the morning, glad, I see 15

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer. 

What are the themes in the poem?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree by William Blake

I was angry with my friend:

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears 5

Night and morning with my tears,

And I sunned it with smiles

And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright, 10

And my foe beheld it shine,

And he knew that it was mine,–

And into my garden stole

When the night had veiled the pole;

In the morning, glad, I see 15

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

What figure of speech is shown in the first stanza?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree by William Blake

I was angry with my friend:

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears 5

Night and morning with my tears,

And I sunned it with smiles

And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright, 10

And my foe beheld it shine,

And he knew that it was mine,–

And into my garden stole

When the night had veiled the pole;

In the morning, glad, I see 15

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

What does the apple in the tenth line represent?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree by William Blake

I was angry with my friend:

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears 5

Night and morning with my tears,

And I sunned it with smiles

And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright, 10

And my foe beheld it shine,

And he knew that it was mine,–

And into my garden stole

When the night had veiled the pole;

In the morning, glad, I see 15

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

In what perspective is the poem written in?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree by William Blake

I was angry with my friend:

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears 5

Night and morning with my tears,

And I sunned it with smiles

And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright, 10

And my foe beheld it shine,

And he knew that it was mine,–

And into my garden stole

When the night had veiled the pole;

In the morning, glad, I see 15

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

What is the main idea of the poem?

Read the poem below then answer the questions that follow.

A Poison Tree by William Blake

I was angry with my friend:

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

I was angry with my foe:

I told it not, my wrath did grow.

And I watered it in fears 5

Night and morning with my tears,

And I sunned it with smiles

And with soft deceitful wiles.

And it grew both day and night,

Till it bore an apple bright, 10

And my foe beheld it shine,

And he knew that it was mine,–

And into my garden stole

When the night had veiled the pole;

In the morning, glad, I see 15

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

 What does the tree in the poem symbolise?

Read the article below then answer the questions.  

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Why Gift Giving is Important?

The act of giving presents should not be a chore. It must originate in the heart. 13……………….. Having someone feel unique is sufficient motivation to give more. It indicates that you were thinking about the recipient.There is a sense of self-satisfaction when you are the one doing the giving, even though it is pleasant to be on the receiving end. This cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Giving delivers a more self-fulfilling and long-lasting experience than receiving. We acquire this knowledge as children. We offer our parents good grades as youngsters, which makes them happy. A simple action can provide a positive response. It has been demonstrated that giving makes individuals happier than getting. It makes no difference how valuable the present is.

Then why do we give presents? First, gift-giving is a self-gratifying act. It is an effective method for strengthening relationships. If you are in a friendship or relationship, you should always demonstrate your caring for the other person. 14……………….. Throughout the years, chocolate has been viewed as a particularly significant symbol of affection. It is accurate that actions speak louder than words. There is no better way to express appreciation than by presenting a gift. You may make someone happy with a simple gesture. It does not have to be costly. You can express gratitude to your parents, mother, sister, brother, or anybody else who has done you a favour.

Next, to apologise. There are occasions when a mere apology is not sufficient to gain the forgiveness of the offended party. When words are insufficient, it is best to express it with a gift. It will demonstrate your sincere regret for your actions. Regardless of the purpose for giving, the most thoughtful gifts are those that come from the heart. There is no better way to express your concern than by delivering a handmade gift. Another is to keep in touch. 15……………….. Gifts can assist in fostering stronger relationships. You might offer someone a present to maintain contact and keep them in your life. There is no better way to express your continued concern than by sending something unique. There are also times when you need to repay someone who has helped you or done you a favour. One way to do so is to express gratitude. Gift-giving is an act that can demonstrate gratitude. 16………………..

17……………….. It is essential for married couples to remember their anniversary date. This considerate act can be accomplished by presenting a present. You can commemorate the occasion with a present. You may also give to individuals who have launched their own enterprises. This is one approach to demonstrate your remembrance of them on a momentous occasion in their lives. The birthday of a person is a noteworthy occasion that should be commemorated annually. There is no age restriction. 18……………….. A thoughtful gift can be used to make someone feel extra special on their birthday.

Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.

Read the article below then answer the questions.  

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Why Gift Giving is Important?

The act of giving presents should not be a chore. It must originate in the heart. 13……………….. Having someone feel unique is sufficient motivation to give more. It indicates that you were thinking about the recipient.There is a sense of self-satisfaction when you are the one doing the giving, even though it is pleasant to be on the receiving end. This cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Giving delivers a more self-fulfilling and long-lasting experience than receiving. We acquire this knowledge as children. We offer our parents good grades as youngsters, which makes them happy. A simple action can provide a positive response. It has been demonstrated that giving makes individuals happier than getting. It makes no difference how valuable the present is.

Then why do we give presents? First, gift-giving is a self-gratifying act. It is an effective method for strengthening relationships. If you are in a friendship or relationship, you should always demonstrate your caring for the other person. 14……………….. Throughout the years, chocolate has been viewed as a particularly significant symbol of affection. It is accurate that actions speak louder than words. There is no better way to express appreciation than by presenting a gift. You may make someone happy with a simple gesture. It does not have to be costly. You can express gratitude to your parents, mother, sister, brother, or anybody else who has done you a favour.

Next, to apologise. There are occasions when a mere apology is not sufficient to gain the forgiveness of the offended party. When words are insufficient, it is best to express it with a gift. It will demonstrate your sincere regret for your actions. Regardless of the purpose for giving, the most thoughtful gifts are those that come from the heart. There is no better way to express your concern than by delivering a handmade gift. Another is to keep in touch. 15……………….. Gifts can assist in fostering stronger relationships. You might offer someone a present to maintain contact and keep them in your life. There is no better way to express your continued concern than by sending something unique. There are also times when you need to repay someone who has helped you or done you a favour. One way to do so is to express gratitude. Gift-giving is an act that can demonstrate gratitude. 16………………..

17……………….. It is essential for married couples to remember their anniversary date. This considerate act can be accomplished by presenting a present. You can commemorate the occasion with a present. You may also give to individuals who have launched their own enterprises. This is one approach to demonstrate your remembrance of them on a momentous occasion in their lives. The birthday of a person is a noteworthy occasion that should be commemorated annually. There is no age restriction. 18……………….. A thoughtful gift can be used to make someone feel extra special on their birthday.

Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.

Read the article below then answer the questions.  

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Why Gift Giving is Important?

The act of giving presents should not be a chore. It must originate in the heart. 13……………….. Having someone feel unique is sufficient motivation to give more. It indicates that you were thinking about the recipient.There is a sense of self-satisfaction when you are the one doing the giving, even though it is pleasant to be on the receiving end. This cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Giving delivers a more self-fulfilling and long-lasting experience than receiving. We acquire this knowledge as children. We offer our parents good grades as youngsters, which makes them happy. A simple action can provide a positive response. It has been demonstrated that giving makes individuals happier than getting. It makes no difference how valuable the present is.

Then why do we give presents? First, gift-giving is a self-gratifying act. It is an effective method for strengthening relationships. If you are in a friendship or relationship, you should always demonstrate your caring for the other person. 14……………….. Throughout the years, chocolate has been viewed as a particularly significant symbol of affection. It is accurate that actions speak louder than words. There is no better way to express appreciation than by presenting a gift. You may make someone happy with a simple gesture. It does not have to be costly. You can express gratitude to your parents, mother, sister, brother, or anybody else who has done you a favour.

Next, to apologise. There are occasions when a mere apology is not sufficient to gain the forgiveness of the offended party. When words are insufficient, it is best to express it with a gift. It will demonstrate your sincere regret for your actions. Regardless of the purpose for giving, the most thoughtful gifts are those that come from the heart. There is no better way to express your concern than by delivering a handmade gift. Another is to keep in touch. 15……………….. Gifts can assist in fostering stronger relationships. You might offer someone a present to maintain contact and keep them in your life. There is no better way to express your continued concern than by sending something unique. There are also times when you need to repay someone who has helped you or done you a favour. One way to do so is to express gratitude. Gift-giving is an act that can demonstrate gratitude. 16………………..

17……………….. It is essential for married couples to remember their anniversary date. This considerate act can be accomplished by presenting a present. You can commemorate the occasion with a present. You may also give to individuals who have launched their own enterprises. This is one approach to demonstrate your remembrance of them on a momentous occasion in their lives. The birthday of a person is a noteworthy occasion that should be commemorated annually. There is no age restriction. 18……………….. A thoughtful gift can be used to make someone feel extra special on their birthday.

Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.

Read the article below then answer the questions.  

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Why Gift Giving is Important?

The act of giving presents should not be a chore. It must originate in the heart. 13……………….. Having someone feel unique is sufficient motivation to give more. It indicates that you were thinking about the recipient.There is a sense of self-satisfaction when you are the one doing the giving, even though it is pleasant to be on the receiving end. This cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Giving delivers a more self-fulfilling and long-lasting experience than receiving. We acquire this knowledge as children. We offer our parents good grades as youngsters, which makes them happy. A simple action can provide a positive response. It has been demonstrated that giving makes individuals happier than getting. It makes no difference how valuable the present is.

Then why do we give presents? First, gift-giving is a self-gratifying act. It is an effective method for strengthening relationships. If you are in a friendship or relationship, you should always demonstrate your caring for the other person. 14……………….. Throughout the years, chocolate has been viewed as a particularly significant symbol of affection. It is accurate that actions speak louder than words. There is no better way to express appreciation than by presenting a gift. You may make someone happy with a simple gesture. It does not have to be costly. You can express gratitude to your parents, mother, sister, brother, or anybody else who has done you a favour.

Next, to apologise. There are occasions when a mere apology is not sufficient to gain the forgiveness of the offended party. When words are insufficient, it is best to express it with a gift. It will demonstrate your sincere regret for your actions. Regardless of the purpose for giving, the most thoughtful gifts are those that come from the heart. There is no better way to express your concern than by delivering a handmade gift. Another is to keep in touch. 15……………….. Gifts can assist in fostering stronger relationships. You might offer someone a present to maintain contact and keep them in your life. There is no better way to express your continued concern than by sending something unique. There are also times when you need to repay someone who has helped you or done you a favour. One way to do so is to express gratitude. Gift-giving is an act that can demonstrate gratitude. 16………………..

17……………….. It is essential for married couples to remember their anniversary date. This considerate act can be accomplished by presenting a present. You can commemorate the occasion with a present. You may also give to individuals who have launched their own enterprises. This is one approach to demonstrate your remembrance of them on a momentous occasion in their lives. The birthday of a person is a noteworthy occasion that should be commemorated annually. There is no age restriction. 18……………….. A thoughtful gift can be used to make someone feel extra special on their birthday.

Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.

Read the article below then answer the questions.  

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Why Gift Giving is Important?

The act of giving presents should not be a chore. It must originate in the heart. 13……………….. Having someone feel unique is sufficient motivation to give more. It indicates that you were thinking about the recipient.There is a sense of self-satisfaction when you are the one doing the giving, even though it is pleasant to be on the receiving end. This cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Giving delivers a more self-fulfilling and long-lasting experience than receiving. We acquire this knowledge as children. We offer our parents good grades as youngsters, which makes them happy. A simple action can provide a positive response. It has been demonstrated that giving makes individuals happier than getting. It makes no difference how valuable the present is.

Then why do we give presents? First, gift-giving is a self-gratifying act. It is an effective method for strengthening relationships. If you are in a friendship or relationship, you should always demonstrate your caring for the other person. 14……………….. Throughout the years, chocolate has been viewed as a particularly significant symbol of affection. It is accurate that actions speak louder than words. There is no better way to express appreciation than by presenting a gift. You may make someone happy with a simple gesture. It does not have to be costly. You can express gratitude to your parents, mother, sister, brother, or anybody else who has done you a favour.

Next, to apologise. There are occasions when a mere apology is not sufficient to gain the forgiveness of the offended party. When words are insufficient, it is best to express it with a gift. It will demonstrate your sincere regret for your actions. Regardless of the purpose for giving, the most thoughtful gifts are those that come from the heart. There is no better way to express your concern than by delivering a handmade gift. Another is to keep in touch. 15……………….. Gifts can assist in fostering stronger relationships. You might offer someone a present to maintain contact and keep them in your life. There is no better way to express your continued concern than by sending something unique. There are also times when you need to repay someone who has helped you or done you a favour. One way to do so is to express gratitude. Gift-giving is an act that can demonstrate gratitude. 16………………..

17……………….. It is essential for married couples to remember their anniversary date. This considerate act can be accomplished by presenting a present. You can commemorate the occasion with a present. You may also give to individuals who have launched their own enterprises. This is one approach to demonstrate your remembrance of them on a momentous occasion in their lives. The birthday of a person is a noteworthy occasion that should be commemorated annually. There is no age restriction. 18……………….. A thoughtful gift can be used to make someone feel extra special on their birthday.

Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.

Read the article below then answer the questions.  

There are sentences that have been removed from the article. Choose the correct letter below that contains the sentence that best fits in the paragraph. Take note that there is an extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Why Gift Giving is Important?

The act of giving presents should not be a chore. It must originate in the heart. 13……………….. Having someone feel unique is sufficient motivation to give more. It indicates that you were thinking about the recipient.There is a sense of self-satisfaction when you are the one doing the giving, even though it is pleasant to be on the receiving end. This cannot be quantified in monetary terms. Giving delivers a more self-fulfilling and long-lasting experience than receiving. We acquire this knowledge as children. We offer our parents good grades as youngsters, which makes them happy. A simple action can provide a positive response. It has been demonstrated that giving makes individuals happier than getting. It makes no difference how valuable the present is.

Then why do we give presents? First, gift-giving is a self-gratifying act. It is an effective method for strengthening relationships. If you are in a friendship or relationship, you should always demonstrate your caring for the other person. 14……………….. Throughout the years, chocolate has been viewed as a particularly significant symbol of affection. It is accurate that actions speak louder than words. There is no better way to express appreciation than by presenting a gift. You may make someone happy with a simple gesture. It does not have to be costly. You can express gratitude to your parents, mother, sister, brother, or anybody else who has done you a favour.

Next, to apologise. There are occasions when a mere apology is not sufficient to gain the forgiveness of the offended party. When words are insufficient, it is best to express it with a gift. It will demonstrate your sincere regret for your actions. Regardless of the purpose for giving, the most thoughtful gifts are those that come from the heart. There is no better way to express your concern than by delivering a handmade gift. Another is to keep in touch. 15……………….. Gifts can assist in fostering stronger relationships. You might offer someone a present to maintain contact and keep them in your life. There is no better way to express your continued concern than by sending something unique. There are also times when you need to repay someone who has helped you or done you a favour. One way to do so is to express gratitude. Gift-giving is an act that can demonstrate gratitude. 16………………..

17……………….. It is essential for married couples to remember their anniversary date. This considerate act can be accomplished by presenting a present. You can commemorate the occasion with a present. You may also give to individuals who have launched their own enterprises. This is one approach to demonstrate your remembrance of them on a momentous occasion in their lives. The birthday of a person is a noteworthy occasion that should be commemorated annually. There is no age restriction. 18……………….. A thoughtful gift can be used to make someone feel extra special on their birthday.

Choose the letter of the correct sentence that best fits the missing lines in each paragraph.

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Answer the following questions by choosing the correct letter that matches the description. Take note that the letters can be repeated accordingly.

Which extract mentions about species of fish that can alter its sexual orientation frequently throughout its lifetime?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Which extract mentions about a type of fish characterised by a noticeable bump on their foreheads?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Which extract mentions about a species of fish that are toothless and lack scales on their heads?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Which extract mentions about a fish whose name is derived from the multicoloured sea anemone that they inhabit?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Which extract mentions about a fish that is not found in natural bodies of water and has a very odd emergence?

Read the extracts below then answer the questions that follow.

Which extract mentions about a fish which is regarded as a sign of great luck?

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

Middle Child Syndrome: Everything You Need to Know

Middle children will have their own needs, which may be made worse by the fact that they were born in the middle. For example, they might feel like an older sibling overshadows them or that they don’t get as much attention as the youngest child. In turn, middle children can feel left out and misunderstood, which is often called “middle child syndrome.” This does not make the parents nor the siblings bad or anything, this is just how it usually is. Read on to learn more about middle child syndrome and how to help your middle child be the best they can be.

Even though it’s not an exact science, the order in which you were born does have some effect on your personality. For example, the oldest children tend to be more reliable and careful. They might have Type A personalities and strive for perfection, probably because their first-time parents do everything “by the book” and give them their full attention. On the other hand, parents are more relaxed and experienced with their youngest children, so they tend to have different personality traits, like being more likely to look for fun things to do. Younger siblings may try to live up to their older siblings, which can make them more self-centred and want to be the centre of attention.

Where does that leave the middle child? They probably don’t get as much attention as their older or younger siblings, which makes them feel left out or forgotten. This is called “middle child syndrome,” and it makes them feel like they don’t belong in the family. They might also say, “No one understands me or cares about what I have to say.” To make up for what they think is a lack of attention, middle children may act out or try to please everyone. Their behaviour is a little bit like that of their older sibling. For example, if the older sibling is organised and takes care of things, the middle child might act out to get some of the attention away from the older sibling. Meri Wallace, a child and family therapist for over 20 years and the author of Birth Order Blues, says, “Middle children often go to great lengths to get attention. This is why some dye their hair purple or become obsessed with a certain singing group: they need a strong sense of self.”

Since they have to compromise a lot in life, middle children tend to be more agreeable and polite. Michelle P. Maidenberg, Ph.D., a child and family therapist in White Plains, New York, says that middle children often give in to what the oldest wants and what the youngest needs. This makes them more independent and helps them keep their expectations in check. Also, middle children tend to try to make more friends outside of their family. They often have a large group of friends with whom they are close. Middle children can still have the same traits they had as kids when they grow up. If the middle child felt ignored as a child, they might have problems with codependency or self-esteem. They might also be good at settling disagreements at home or at work.

In The Birth Order Effect, Cliff Isaacson and Kris Radish write that the middle-born child must experience acceptance for who they are in order to counteract the attention a firstborn or youngest child may receive. Here are some tips for handling middle child syndrome. Provide your middle child with sufficient attention so that they do not feel compelled to act out. Your middle child will be less motivated to finger-paint Picassos all over the living room wall if you praise his or her outstanding easel paintings, this also goes for his accomplishments. In a perfect world, we would all be able to read minds. However, it might be difficult for a parent to distinguish between a “I’m hungry” pout and a “I’m sad” pout. Even if your middle kid feels ignored, they may choose to remain silent. Talk to him about his feelings. Communication is the key.

Answer the following questions by choosing the letter of the best answer.

According to the text, what might be the reason for the Middle Child Syndrome?

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

Middle Child Syndrome: Everything You Need to Know

Middle children will have their own needs, which may be made worse by the fact that they were born in the middle. For example, they might feel like an older sibling overshadows them or that they don’t get as much attention as the youngest child. In turn, middle children can feel left out and misunderstood, which is often called “middle child syndrome.” This does not make the parents nor the siblings bad or anything, this is just how it usually is. Read on to learn more about middle child syndrome and how to help your middle child be the best they can be.

Even though it’s not an exact science, the order in which you were born does have some effect on your personality. For example, the oldest children tend to be more reliable and careful. They might have Type A personalities and strive for perfection, probably because their first-time parents do everything “by the book” and give them their full attention. On the other hand, parents are more relaxed and experienced with their youngest children, so they tend to have different personality traits, like being more likely to look for fun things to do. Younger siblings may try to live up to their older siblings, which can make them more self-centred and want to be the centre of attention.

Where does that leave the middle child? They probably don’t get as much attention as their older or younger siblings, which makes them feel left out or forgotten. This is called “middle child syndrome,” and it makes them feel like they don’t belong in the family. They might also say, “No one understands me or cares about what I have to say.” To make up for what they think is a lack of attention, middle children may act out or try to please everyone. Their behaviour is a little bit like that of their older sibling. For example, if the older sibling is organised and takes care of things, the middle child might act out to get some of the attention away from the older sibling. Meri Wallace, a child and family therapist for over 20 years and the author of Birth Order Blues, says, “Middle children often go to great lengths to get attention. This is why some dye their hair purple or become obsessed with a certain singing group: they need a strong sense of self.”

Since they have to compromise a lot in life, middle children tend to be more agreeable and polite. Michelle P. Maidenberg, Ph.D., a child and family therapist in White Plains, New York, says that middle children often give in to what the oldest wants and what the youngest needs. This makes them more independent and helps them keep their expectations in check. Also, middle children tend to try to make more friends outside of their family. They often have a large group of friends with whom they are close. Middle children can still have the same traits they had as kids when they grow up. If the middle child felt ignored as a child, they might have problems with codependency or self-esteem. They might also be good at settling disagreements at home or at work.

In The Birth Order Effect, Cliff Isaacson and Kris Radish write that the middle-born child must experience acceptance for who they are in order to counteract the attention a firstborn or youngest child may receive. Here are some tips for handling middle child syndrome. Provide your middle child with sufficient attention so that they do not feel compelled to act out. Your middle child will be less motivated to finger-paint Picassos all over the living room wall if you praise his or her outstanding easel paintings, this also goes for his accomplishments. In a perfect world, we would all be able to read minds. However, it might be difficult for a parent to distinguish between a “I’m hungry” pout and a “I’m sad” pout. Even if your middle kid feels ignored, they may choose to remain silent. Talk to him about his feelings. Communication is the key.

Which is NOT a fact stated in the text?

I. Middle children are more dependent and needy.

II. The youngest children are more type A personalities and are more independent.

III. As adults, middle children can retain the same characteristics they had as youngsters.

IV. The oldest siblings are typically more dependable and cautious.

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

Middle Child Syndrome: Everything You Need to Know

Middle children will have their own needs, which may be made worse by the fact that they were born in the middle. For example, they might feel like an older sibling overshadows them or that they don’t get as much attention as the youngest child. In turn, middle children can feel left out and misunderstood, which is often called “middle child syndrome.” This does not make the parents nor the siblings bad or anything, this is just how it usually is. Read on to learn more about middle child syndrome and how to help your middle child be the best they can be.

Even though it’s not an exact science, the order in which you were born does have some effect on your personality. For example, the oldest children tend to be more reliable and careful. They might have Type A personalities and strive for perfection, probably because their first-time parents do everything “by the book” and give them their full attention. On the other hand, parents are more relaxed and experienced with their youngest children, so they tend to have different personality traits, like being more likely to look for fun things to do. Younger siblings may try to live up to their older siblings, which can make them more self-centred and want to be the centre of attention.

Where does that leave the middle child? They probably don’t get as much attention as their older or younger siblings, which makes them feel left out or forgotten. This is called “middle child syndrome,” and it makes them feel like they don’t belong in the family. They might also say, “No one understands me or cares about what I have to say.” To make up for what they think is a lack of attention, middle children may act out or try to please everyone. Their behaviour is a little bit like that of their older sibling. For example, if the older sibling is organised and takes care of things, the middle child might act out to get some of the attention away from the older sibling. Meri Wallace, a child and family therapist for over 20 years and the author of Birth Order Blues, says, “Middle children often go to great lengths to get attention. This is why some dye their hair purple or become obsessed with a certain singing group: they need a strong sense of self.”

Since they have to compromise a lot in life, middle children tend to be more agreeable and polite. Michelle P. Maidenberg, Ph.D., a child and family therapist in White Plains, New York, says that middle children often give in to what the oldest wants and what the youngest needs. This makes them more independent and helps them keep their expectations in check. Also, middle children tend to try to make more friends outside of their family. They often have a large group of friends with whom they are close. Middle children can still have the same traits they had as kids when they grow up. If the middle child felt ignored as a child, they might have problems with codependency or self-esteem. They might also be good at settling disagreements at home or at work.

In The Birth Order Effect, Cliff Isaacson and Kris Radish write that the middle-born child must experience acceptance for who they are in order to counteract the attention a firstborn or youngest child may receive. Here are some tips for handling middle child syndrome. Provide your middle child with sufficient attention so that they do not feel compelled to act out. Your middle child will be less motivated to finger-paint Picassos all over the living room wall if you praise his or her outstanding easel paintings, this also goes for his accomplishments. In a perfect world, we would all be able to read minds. However, it might be difficult for a parent to distinguish between a “I’m hungry” pout and a “I’m sad” pout. Even if your middle kid feels ignored, they may choose to remain silent. Talk to him about his feelings. Communication is the key.

What is the primary goal of the text?

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

Middle Child Syndrome: Everything You Need to Know

Middle children will have their own needs, which may be made worse by the fact that they were born in the middle. For example, they might feel like an older sibling overshadows them or that they don’t get as much attention as the youngest child. In turn, middle children can feel left out and misunderstood, which is often called “middle child syndrome.” This does not make the parents nor the siblings bad or anything, this is just how it usually is. Read on to learn more about middle child syndrome and how to help your middle child be the best they can be.

Even though it’s not an exact science, the order in which you were born does have some effect on your personality. For example, the oldest children tend to be more reliable and careful. They might have Type A personalities and strive for perfection, probably because their first-time parents do everything “by the book” and give them their full attention. On the other hand, parents are more relaxed and experienced with their youngest children, so they tend to have different personality traits, like being more likely to look for fun things to do. Younger siblings may try to live up to their older siblings, which can make them more self-centred and want to be the centre of attention.

Where does that leave the middle child? They probably don’t get as much attention as their older or younger siblings, which makes them feel left out or forgotten. This is called “middle child syndrome,” and it makes them feel like they don’t belong in the family. They might also say, “No one understands me or cares about what I have to say.” To make up for what they think is a lack of attention, middle children may act out or try to please everyone. Their behaviour is a little bit like that of their older sibling. For example, if the older sibling is organised and takes care of things, the middle child might act out to get some of the attention away from the older sibling. Meri Wallace, a child and family therapist for over 20 years and the author of Birth Order Blues, says, “Middle children often go to great lengths to get attention. This is why some dye their hair purple or become obsessed with a certain singing group: they need a strong sense of self.”

Since they have to compromise a lot in life, middle children tend to be more agreeable and polite. Michelle P. Maidenberg, Ph.D., a child and family therapist in White Plains, New York, says that middle children often give in to what the oldest wants and what the youngest needs. This makes them more independent and helps them keep their expectations in check. Also, middle children tend to try to make more friends outside of their family. They often have a large group of friends with whom they are close. Middle children can still have the same traits they had as kids when they grow up. If the middle child felt ignored as a child, they might have problems with codependency or self-esteem. They might also be good at settling disagreements at home or at work.

In The Birth Order Effect, Cliff Isaacson and Kris Radish write that the middle-born child must experience acceptance for who they are in order to counteract the attention a firstborn or youngest child may receive. Here are some tips for handling middle child syndrome. Provide your middle child with sufficient attention so that they do not feel compelled to act out. Your middle child will be less motivated to finger-paint Picassos all over the living room wall if you praise his or her outstanding easel paintings, this also goes for his accomplishments. In a perfect world, we would all be able to read minds. However, it might be difficult for a parent to distinguish between a “I’m hungry” pout and a “I’m sad” pout. Even if your middle kid feels ignored, they may choose to remain silent. Talk to him about his feelings. Communication is the key.

Which of the following is supported by the text?

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

Middle Child Syndrome: Everything You Need to Know

Middle children will have their own needs, which may be made worse by the fact that they were born in the middle. For example, they might feel like an older sibling overshadows them or that they don’t get as much attention as the youngest child. In turn, middle children can feel left out and misunderstood, which is often called “middle child syndrome.” This does not make the parents nor the siblings bad or anything, this is just how it usually is. Read on to learn more about middle child syndrome and how to help your middle child be the best they can be.

Even though it’s not an exact science, the order in which you were born does have some effect on your personality. For example, the oldest children tend to be more reliable and careful. They might have Type A personalities and strive for perfection, probably because their first-time parents do everything “by the book” and give them their full attention. On the other hand, parents are more relaxed and experienced with their youngest children, so they tend to have different personality traits, like being more likely to look for fun things to do. Younger siblings may try to live up to their older siblings, which can make them more self-centred and want to be the centre of attention.

Where does that leave the middle child? They probably don’t get as much attention as their older or younger siblings, which makes them feel left out or forgotten. This is called “middle child syndrome,” and it makes them feel like they don’t belong in the family. They might also say, “No one understands me or cares about what I have to say.” To make up for what they think is a lack of attention, middle children may act out or try to please everyone. Their behaviour is a little bit like that of their older sibling. For example, if the older sibling is organised and takes care of things, the middle child might act out to get some of the attention away from the older sibling. Meri Wallace, a child and family therapist for over 20 years and the author of Birth Order Blues, says, “Middle children often go to great lengths to get attention. This is why some dye their hair purple or become obsessed with a certain singing group: they need a strong sense of self.”

Since they have to compromise a lot in life, middle children tend to be more agreeable and polite. Michelle P. Maidenberg, Ph.D., a child and family therapist in White Plains, New York, says that middle children often give in to what the oldest wants and what the youngest needs. This makes them more independent and helps them keep their expectations in check. Also, middle children tend to try to make more friends outside of their family. They often have a large group of friends with whom they are close. Middle children can still have the same traits they had as kids when they grow up. If the middle child felt ignored as a child, they might have problems with codependency or self-esteem. They might also be good at settling disagreements at home or at work.

In The Birth Order Effect, Cliff Isaacson and Kris Radish write that the middle-born child must experience acceptance for who they are in order to counteract the attention a firstborn or youngest child may receive. Here are some tips for handling middle child syndrome. Provide your middle child with sufficient attention so that they do not feel compelled to act out. Your middle child will be less motivated to finger-paint Picassos all over the living room wall if you praise his or her outstanding easel paintings, this also goes for his accomplishments. In a perfect world, we would all be able to read minds. However, it might be difficult for a parent to distinguish between a “I’m hungry” pout and a “I’m sad” pout. Even if your middle kid feels ignored, they may choose to remain silent. Talk to him about his feelings. Communication is the key.

Which of the following is NOT a solution mentioned in the article to prevent middle child syndrome?

Read the article below then answer the questions that follow.

Middle Child Syndrome: Everything You Need to Know

Middle children will have their own needs, which may be made worse by the fact that they were born in the middle. For example, they might feel like an older sibling overshadows them or that they don’t get as much attention as the youngest child. In turn, middle children can feel left out and misunderstood, which is often called “middle child syndrome.” This does not make the parents nor the siblings bad or anything, this is just how it usually is. Read on to learn more about middle child syndrome and how to help your middle child be the best they can be.

Even though it’s not an exact science, the order in which you were born does have some effect on your personality. For example, the oldest children tend to be more reliable and careful. They might have Type A personalities and strive for perfection, probably because their first-time parents do everything “by the book” and give them their full attention. On the other hand, parents are more relaxed and experienced with their youngest children, so they tend to have different personality traits, like being more likely to look for fun things to do. Younger siblings may try to live up to their older siblings, which can make them more self-centred and want to be the centre of attention.

Where does that leave the middle child? They probably don’t get as much attention as their older or younger siblings, which makes them feel left out or forgotten. This is called “middle child syndrome,” and it makes them feel like they don’t belong in the family. They might also say, “No one understands me or cares about what I have to say.” To make up for what they think is a lack of attention, middle children may act out or try to please everyone. Their behaviour is a little bit like that of their older sibling. For example, if the older sibling is organised and takes care of things, the middle child might act out to get some of the attention away from the older sibling. Meri Wallace, a child and family therapist for over 20 years and the author of Birth Order Blues, says, “Middle children often go to great lengths to get attention. This is why some dye their hair purple or become obsessed with a certain singing group: they need a strong sense of self.”

Since they have to compromise a lot in life, middle children tend to be more agreeable and polite. Michelle P. Maidenberg, Ph.D., a child and family therapist in White Plains, New York, says that middle children often give in to what the oldest wants and what the youngest needs. This makes them more independent and helps them keep their expectations in check. Also, middle children tend to try to make more friends outside of their family. They often have a large group of friends with whom they are close. Middle children can still have the same traits they had as kids when they grow up. If the middle child felt ignored as a child, they might have problems with codependency or self-esteem. They might also be good at settling disagreements at home or at work.

In The Birth Order Effect, Cliff Isaacson and Kris Radish write that the middle-born child must experience acceptance for who they are in order to counteract the attention a firstborn or youngest child may receive. Here are some tips for handling middle child syndrome. Provide your middle child with sufficient attention so that they do not feel compelled to act out. Your middle child will be less motivated to finger-paint Picassos all over the living room wall if you praise his or her outstanding easel paintings, this also goes for his accomplishments. In a perfect world, we would all be able to read minds. However, it might be difficult for a parent to distinguish between a “I’m hungry” pout and a “I’m sad” pout. Even if your middle kid feels ignored, they may choose to remain silent. Talk to him about his feelings. Communication is the key.

Based on the article, what do you think is the root cause for middle child syndrome?